ACADEMIA Letters
No competitive interactions detected in freshwater snail
species of prairie wetlands
Bruce Stephen, Unity College
Introduction
Since the analysis of the Bismarck Archipelago bird species, checkerboard species have been
used as evidence for competition (Diamond, 1975). The idea is that if competition organizes
species within a system, then it is expected that non-competitive species form assemblages and
specifc species pairs, if direct competitors, would not inhabit the same area (a checkerboard
species). One hypothesis that accounts for diferences in species assemblages in similar habitat
types, is that the frst of a morphologic type to reach a locale gets the competitive advantage
and tends to keep others of similar morph, or a direct competitor, from establishing a hold
(Pimm, 1991). There, however, has been debate on species competition, particularly on the
methods of testing for interactions (Connor &Simberlof, 1979, Harveyet al.,1983, Gotelli &
Graves, 1996; Edward, et al., 2013). Despite the potential drawbacks, analysis of appropriate
datasets may provide some clarity as to the complex interactions of competition.
Freshwater snails are primarily algae grazers responsible for passing energy through aquatic
systems (Newbold et al., 1983; Richardson et al., 1988). These important grazers are broadly
distributed, inhabiting nearly any type of water bodies (Dillon, 2000). Available calcium, and
related variables such as pH and alkalinity, is the major limiting factor to freshwater snail
presence (Dillon, 2000). Besides calcium and pH, the distribution of specifc species fresh-
water snail is sometimes linked to a wetland type, but broad overlap of species occurs and
the specifc reason for the presence, or absences, of a snail species within a wetland are often
not clear. Competitive interactions were found between freshwater snails and tadpoles (Brön-
Academia Letters, August 2021
Corresponding Author: Bruce Stephen, bstephen@mac.com
Citation: Stephen, B. (2021). No competitive interactions detected in freshwater snail species of prairie
wetlands. Academia Letters, Article 2790. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL2790.
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©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0