International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. ISSN 0973-2691 Volume 9, Number 3 (2013) pp. 275-284 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijbb.htm Association of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Terms of Hypoxic Risk with Carbonylated Protein, Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Plasma Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus C.D. Dayanand 1* , Pradeep Kumar Vegi 1 , V Lakshmaiah 2 , AVM Kutty 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Allied Health sciences 2 Department of Medicine Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Pin - 563101. Email: cd8905@yahoo.co.in. Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting in hyperglycemia. This occurs due to pancreatic β islet cell dysfunction characterized by inadequate insulin secretion, or it may occur due to insulin resistance. This progressive metabolic disorder leads to vascular complications. Oxidatively modified protein molecules vary over a wide range by glycosylation, disulphide formation or the content of carbonyl groups and are crucial for assessing the clinical relevance in various disease conditions like liver diseases and nephropathy. Protein modification indicators such as glycosylation, disulphide formation and the protein carbonyl formation. The present study was taken up to determine the Oxidative stress status in terms of Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) and Oxidation of proteins by Protein carbonyls that can predict the risk of protein damage in type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy individuals and equal number of patients with type 2 diabetes attending to R. L. Jalapa Hospital and Research Centre were recruited to the study. Protein carbonyls were estimated according to the method described by Levine et al. and IMA by albumin cobalt binding assay. Results: Protein Carbonyl and IMA were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes patients (1.68±0.47 nmol/ml), (0.299±0.128) when compared to controls (0.70±0.34 nmol/ml), (0.071±0.067) with p < 0.001, CI 99.5. HbA 1 C levels were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes (70.04±20.8 mmol/mol)