Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 102, 181–192, 2021 Metamaterial Vivaldi Printed Circuit Antenna Based Solar Panel for Self-Powered Wireless Systems Ahmed Abdulmjeed 1 , Taha A. Elwi 2, * , and Sefer Kurnaz 1 Abstract—A high-gain wide-band planar antenna with H-Shaped Resonators (HSRs) for Self-Powered wireless systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of four major parts, namely, a grating Vivaldi electrical dipole, a half-ring magnetic dipole, HSRs, and a solar panel reflector. The dipoles are etched from both antenna substrate sides by each half on one side. The HSR structures are etched on a single side of the used substrate to avoid the capacitive coupling effects which cause the radiation efficiency reduction. HSR inclusions are designed and tested numerically to have the desired electromagnetic properties at frequency band of interest. After introducing the HSR inclusions to the antenna structure, the antenna performance is tested numerically and compared to that without HSR inclusions. The fabricated prototype based HSR structure shows an enhanced gain bandwidth product to cover the frequencies from 1.75 GHz up to 7.43 GHz with a gain varying from 9.52 dBi up to 16.71 dBi over the entire frequency range. Finally, an excellent agreement has been achieved between the gathered numerical results and those from the experimental measurements. 1. INTRODUCTION Substantial developments have been conducted on the antenna design techniques to enhance their performance in terms of gain bandwidth products [1]. For example in [2], a microstrip antenna was invented by L-prop feed with a bandwidth of 36% and an average gain of approximately 7dBi. A Vivaldi antenna with a bandwidth of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz and a gain of approximately 6 dBi was developed [3]. In [4], a quasi-Yagi antenna that operated from 7.32 GHz to 11.15 GHz of a maximum gain of 8.6 dBi was proposed. Elwi et al. [4] designed a complementary antenna by exciting electric and magnetic dipoles; this antenna was revealed to provide reliable gain stability with low back radiation of a wide bandwidth. Several designs in [5–7] were developed from different Vivaldi antennas such as spiral loops, magnetic dipoles, H-shaped resonators, and loop-dipole composites. However, these antennas suffered from low and unstable gain performance. Therefore, the introduction of metamaterial structures to the antenna designs has become common because of their unique electromagnetic properties [8], such as low or zero refractive indexes which control the antenna radiation [9]. Abdul Hassain et al. [10] introduced a microstrip antenna with zero refractive index metamaterials in the substrate, which improved the gain by 1 dB to 2 dB. However, this type of inclusions may increase the antenna size and profile. In this paper, a grating Vivaldi antenna based on electrical and magnetic dipoles, inspired from the antenna structure in [6] with several modifications to enhance the antenna performance, is proposed. A microstrip to coplanar stripline is replaced with a symmetrical microstrip to stripline transition balun to achieve broad bandwidth impedance. Five rows of HSR are implemented to improve the antenna gain. Grating Vivaldi antenna is used instead of Vivaldi antenna to further increase the antenna gain. Finally, the proposed antenna structure is fabricated then measured. Received 24 March 2021, Accepted 6 May 2021, Scheduled 26 May 2021 * Corresponding author: Taha A. Elwi (taelwi82@gmail.com). 1 Altinbas University, Mahmutbey Dilmenler Caddesi, No: 26, Ba˘gcılar 34217, Istanbu. 2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Al-Mammon University College, Baghdad, Iraq.