International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 03 | Mar 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 111 STATIC, MODAL AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF CAR BUMPER USING VARIED PARAMETERS Beesu Supriya 1 , S. Venkat Prasat 2 1 PG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. 2 Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Car bumpers can absorb the impact energy with deformation. A Benz car bumper was utilized for static and modal analysis. The different bumper materials used for this analysis were Polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PUR) and Poly-Vinyl-Chloride (PVC). 3-D modeling was carried out with the help of CATIA software. Static and impact analysis were performed to calculate the deformation and stress induced in the car bumper at different vehicle speeds (45, 60 & 75 km/hr). Modal evaluation was carried out to estimate the frequency and deformation for mode shapes. The finite element analysis of car bumper was carried out by means of SolidWorks software. It was inferred from the static analysis, that both the deformation and stresses increase with an increase in the car speed from 45 km/hr to 75 km/hr. The deformation and stress in the car bumper for all the materials were maximum at a car speed of 75 km/hr. From the static analysis, it was observed that the stress values for PP material were less when compared to PVC and PUR material at all vehicle speeds. It was concluded that PP is the optimum material for manufacturing the car bumper based on the static, modal and impact analysis. Keywords: PP, PVC, PUR, CATIA, SolidWorks, Static and impact analysis. 1. INTRODUCTION Bumper is a part of an automobile designed to protect and support the vehicle. Bumper is comprised of an elongated support which can be attached to the front and rear of the vehicle body and which spans the width of the vehicle body as well as a shock absorber extending along the support part in a substantially convex manner. The bumper also consists of an elastic exterior shell which can be connected to the support part and which encompasses the front and rear of the vehicle in an approximate U- shape. The support part has a mid-section that can be firmly supported on the vehicle body. Bumper is mainly of two types; they are front bumper and rear bumper. Main function for a bumper is to absorb impact energy and reduce damage caused to the car as well as bodily injury during an accident. This research work is focused on the front bumper system and it has three components. 1.1 Materials used for Automobile Bumpers Bumpers of most recent vehicles have been made of a combination of polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) called PC/ABS, Polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PUR) and Poly-Vinyl-Chloride (PVC). Modern bumpers are made with a combination of different elements. The first element is an impact absorbing spring device, usually gas-filled cartridges which mount the front bumper to the chassis. This allows the bumper system to absorb minor impacts without any damage. The next part is the steel or aluminum support structure, which is a lateral beam. On top of that is a honeycomb or egg-crate shaped plastic piece made of HDPE which defines the bumper's ultimate external shape and supports the shape of the bumper cover. On the rear, these can be attached to the car's body or other components. In a more serious accident, this part of the bumper structure usually gets damaged, but it is not visible. Finally, a urethane or other types of flexible polyethylene plastic bumper cover is placed on the outside to give the car a finished appearance. These covers are either charcoal or flat black in colour and they can painted to match the car finish. They are designed to be impact resistant and can take a blow with little or no damage. Bumpers in cars are meant for absorbing shock or impact energy at low velocity like accidents that occur while reversing the car. Bumper material is selected in such a manner that it should have the capability to absorb the impact energy (i.e.) either nullify the effect or reduce the effect of the impact. Metals are not considered as excellent materials for bumpers since they transfer the load applied at one end to the other end with negligible loss. Plastics and polymer materials can be utilized as bumper materials since they have the tendency to absorb the applied impact load and thereby reduce the effect of the impact. 1.2 Classification of high-performance plastics The different types of high-performance plastics which are widely used as car bumper materials are PP, PUR, PVC and ABS.