Low Carbon Economy, 2016, 7, 123-136
http://www.scirp.org/journal/lce
ISSN Online: 2158-7019
ISSN Print: 2158-7000
DOI: 10.4236/lce.2016.73012 August 10, 2016
Shifting to Renewable Energy to Mitigate
Carbon Emissions: Initiatives by the States
of Gulf Cooperation Council
Hilal Al Shidi, Hameed Sulaiman
*
, Patrick Amoatey
Department of Biology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
How to cite this paper: Al Shidi, H., Sulai-
man, H. and Amoatey, P. (2016) Shifting to
Renewable Energy to Mitigate Carbon Emis-
sions: Initiatives by the States of Gulf Coop-
eration Council. Low Carbon Economy, 7,
123-136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/lce.2016.73012
Received: June 15, 2016
Accepted: August 7, 2016
Published: August 10, 2016
Copyright © 2016 by authors and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries approximately have 40% of world’s
proven oil reserves and 21.7% of world’s known gas reserves. Low energy costs com-
piled with low taxation make it lucrative to foreign energy-intensive companies to
operate in the region. Energy consumption in GCC has increased by 74% in the pe-
riod between 2000 and 2010 and it is projected to increase by approximately 10% to
15% between 2010 and 2020. Embracing the general commitment by GCC states to
reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHG) of United Nation Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) has started the process of environmental awakening in
the GCC countries due to its high vulnerability to the effects of climate change. This
paper reviews the trends in shift to renewable energy with reference to GCC and also
the co-benefits of investing in renewable energy. Solar plant and Building-Integrated
Photo-Voltaic (BIPV) systems are the most invested projects. However in the long
run, policies and strategies are needed to ensure the successful and larger implemen-
tation of mitigation objectives.
Keywords
Renewable Energy, Climate Change, GCC States
1. Introduction
With regards to the climate change policy of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a
trade bloc consisting of six Arab States of the Arabian Gulf (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) was created in 1981. The GCC
member states are the major oil and natural gas producing countries [1]. GCC states
have approximately 40% of world’s known oil reserves and 21.7% of world’s known gas
Open Access