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Chapter 9
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2940-0.ch009
INTRODUCTION
The last few years we have witnessed the phenom-
enal success of Web 2.0, which has enabled users
to create and exchange self-organized resources on
the web, resulting in a huge amount of resources
in “folksonomy” systems such as Flickr, YouTube,
and De.li.ci.ous. As of October 2009, Flickr for
example hosted more than four billion images with
manual, user-annotated tags. Tagging functions are
widely available in Web 2.0 applications. A tag is
a non-hierarchical keyword or term assigned to
Jyh-Ren Shieh
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Ching-Yung Lin
IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, USA
Shun-Xuan Wang
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Ja-Ling Wu
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Building Multi-Modal Relational
Graphs for Multimedia Retrieval
ABSTRACT
The abundance of Web 2.0 social media in various media formats calls for integration that takes into
account tags associated with these resources. The authors present a new approach to multi-modal media
search, based on novel related-tag graphs, in which a query is a resource in one modality, such as an
image, and the results are semantically similar resources in various modalities, for instance text and
video. Thus the use of resource tagging enables the use of multi-modal results and multi-modal queries, a
marked departure from the traditional text-based search paradigm. Tag relation graphs are built based on
multi-partite networks of existing Web 2.0 social media such as Flickr and Wikipedia. These multi-partite
linkage networks (contributor-tag, tag-category, and tag-tag) are extracted from Wikipedia to construct
relational tag graphs. In fusing these networks, the authors propose incorporating contributor-category
networks to model contributor’s specialization; it is shown that this step signifcantly enhances the accu-
racy of the inferred relatedness of the term-semantic graphs. Experiments based on 200 TREC-5 ad-hoc
topics show that the algorithms outperform existing approaches. In addition, user studies demonstrate
the superiority of this visualization system and its usefulness in the real world.