Volume 2 Issue 3 March 2019 Patterns of Hard Tissue Dental Abfractions as Indicators of Extrinsic Etiologies Louis ZG Touyz 1 *, Leonardo M Nassani 1 and Sarah JJ Touyz 2 1 Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 2 Pennine Acute NHS Trust, Manchester, UK *Corresponding Author: Louis ZG Touyz, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Review Article Received: January 08, 2019; Published: February 18, 2019 SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES OF DENTAL SCIENCES Abstract Keywords: Acids; Attrition; Abrasion; Anorexia; Bulimia; Carboxylic; Dental; Erosion Introduction Dental ravages, as abfractions, from food and drink result from acid softening of the dental hard tissues. Chronic micro-physical re- moval of softened tooth material, by mastication and/or brushing, produces attrition on the occlusal and incisal edges, or abrasion on the buccal and lingual sides of teeth. Chemical dissolution of teeth material, without bacteria or cavitation is called erosion [1,10]. Initial decalcification may re-calcify with appropriate chemical addition of calcium and phosphorous ions, but if bacteria become seeded into the niches of softened material and metabolize there, progressive tooth decay will develop with eventual carious cavita- tion [2]. The mechanism of how stagnant dental microbial plaque acts a dynamic, ionic exchange gradient, which accelerates decal- cification in an acid medium, is clarified elsewhere [3]. It has long been known that the critical pH (measure of acidity) for acids to start decalcifying calcified dental hard tissue is pH 5.5 and experi- mental evidence, and clinical presentations, confirms this [1,3-6]. This appraisal examines common causes of dental erosion and focuses on clinical patterns of teeth erosions, derived from abusive diets, chronic emesis and mental aberrations. Background: Dental abfractions includes attrition, abrasion and erosion: Erosion is related to dental attrition and abrasion, but is different from these dental ravages. Dentists are often the first to notice dental erosion, but many are not aware of the implications of their observations. Aim: This appraisal examines common patterns and causes of dental erosion and focuses on clinical manifestations of tooth erosion, derived from extrinsic etiologies (like abusive diets, chronic emesis and selected mental aberrations). Discussion: Dentists and health care workers need to be more vigilant and advise patients about destructive habits relating to chronic damage to teeth. Not only dietary advice but also social and psychological counseling is often indicated. Aim of the Study Hydroxyapatite, (the major. crystalline structure of teeth) will be decalcified by many prevalent carboxylic fruit acids in acidic foods and drinks. Acid preserved pickled cucumbers (and other vegetables like turnips, beets or onions) and fresh fruit juices are ubiquitously available, cheap and consumed regularly. Fresh Discussion Figure 1A: Eroded teeth from an excess of acidic imbibing of acidulated drinks. Note hard tooth material is lost. The patients main complaint was dental pain. Figure 1B: Severe (enamel, dentine and secondary dentine loss) dental erosion and abrasion from highly acidic diet. Note how the old restoration bulges out. Citation: Louis ZG Touyz., et al. “Patterns of Hard Tissue Dental Abfractions as Indicators of Extrinsic Etiologies”. Scientific Archives Of Dental Sciences 2.3 (2019): 21-24.