Microstructural evolution and Wear properties of In-situ Al-4.5Cu-5TiB
2
Composite Processed in Mushy State
Mervin A. Herbert
1,a
, R. Maiti
2,b
, R. Mitra
1,c
and M. Chakraborty
1,d
1
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
2
Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
,
mer@nitk.ac.in,
b
rabin_maiti@hotmail.com,
c
rahul@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in,
d
madhu@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in
Keywords: In-situ Composite, Mushy-state Rolling, Alligatoring, Microstructure, Hardness, Wear.
Abstract. In-situ Al-4.5Cu-5TiB
2
composite plates were stir cast with TiB
2
particles formed
through mixed salt route. The as-cast samples with 30 volume percent liquid content were rolled in
mushy state down to 2.5 and 5 percent reduction in thickness per pass. The rolled products found to
be defect-free after the first pass were subjected to multiple roll passes in mushy state with identical
experimental conditions, adding up to seven. The wear properties of as-cast and mushy state rolled
composites were also investigated, and correlated with microstructure.
Introduction
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to mushy state processing of commercial
alloys and metal-matrix composites as the power required for deformation is reduced because of the
lower flow stress compared to that in solid state [1]. The mechanism of plastic deformation is
altered by the presence of liquid such that strain accommodation occurs through flow of liquid
metal at grain boundaries and intragranular slip inside the unmelted grains, with the contribution of
the former increasing with liquid content [2]. The process is particularly relevant for working of
materials, which are difficult to form through conventional methods.
It is difficult to near-net shape Al-matrix composites by machining or forming, and thus mushy state
rolling provides a viable alternative forming method. Thixo-forging and thixo-extrusion of
composites have been studied earlier [3, 4]. However, little information exists on rolling of
composites in mushy state. The present study on Al-4.5 wt.% Cu-5 wt.% TiB
2
particulate
composites is an attempt to understand the evolution of microstructure after each roll pass and its
effect on hardness and wear properties.
Experimental Procedure
Processing: An Al-33 wt% Cu master alloy with suitable amount of aluminium was melted in an
induction furnace in order to obtain Al-4.5 wt. % Cu alloy. Subsequently TiB
2
particle were formed
in-situ by mixed salt process [5] involving reaction of K
2
TiF
6
and KBF
4
with molten Al:
K
2
TiF
6
+ KBF
4
+ Al TiB
2
+ K
2
AlF
4
(1)
A graphite crucible housed inside a pit furnace was used to melt-process the composite, which was
subsequently stir-cast into plate-shaped cast iron moulds.
Mushy state rolling: Fig. 1 presents a schematic illustration of mushy state rolling. A two-high
mill with rolls of 120 mm diameter and 125 mm barrel width was used for the experiments. In order
to promote instantaneous solidification during mushy state rolling, the surface temperature of
the roll was kept at ambient temperature. The specimens with dimensions of
Solid State Phenomena Vols. 116-117 (2006) pp. 217-220
online at http://www.scientific.net
© (2006) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
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