[Ozioko, 3(11): November, 2014] ISSN: 2277-9655
Scientific Journal Impact Factor: 3.449
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IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
Dynamics Analysis of Two Storey Plane Rectangular Rigid Frame Subjected to Ground
Motion
Ezeh J.C., Ibearugbulem O.M., Ezeokpube G.C. and Ozioko H.O.
Head of Department, Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Senior Lecturer, Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Head of Department, Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State,
Nigeria
Lecturer, Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
Abstract
The dynamic analysis of plane rectangular rigid frame subjected to ground motion is presented. The matrix stiffness
method, static condensation method, Szilard household characteristic equation method, Newton-Raphson’s method
and Gaussian elimination method were used in the analysis. The plane rectangular rigid frame was fixed at both
support and the masses were concentrated at the floors level (lump masses). Matrix stiffness method was applied to
generate the element stiffness matrix. Various element stiffness matrices were combined to form the global stiffness
matrix. Due to large size of global stiffness matrix, the method of static condensation was applied to reduce the size.
By substituting the condensed stiffness matrix in the free vibration equation and applying Szilard household
characteristic equation method, Newton-Raphson’s method and Gaussian elimination method, t he eigenvalues and
eigenvectors were obtained. From eigenvectors we obtain the base shear forces and base overturning moments. A
comprehensive visual basic excel program was developed from this method to obtain eigenvalue, eigenvector, base
shear force and base overturning moment as follows: 0.0464, 0.33, 4.526KN and 9.051KNm respectively.
Comparing the present study and the direct stiffness method for two storey frame, gave a percentage different of -
0.0273 for eigenvalue w_1 and -17.303 for eigenvectorϕ_1.
Keywords: Identical, eigenvalues, overturning, eigenvectors and frames.
Introduction
Structural dynamics is a type of structural analysis
which covers the behaviour of structures subjected to
dynamic loading. Dynamic loads include earthquake
loads, people, windstorm, waves, vibration of the
ground due to a blast nearby, hurricanes, flooding,
tornadoes, vibration effect from compound disc
player, vibrations effect from moving vehicles,
vibration effect from heavy construction equipment
etc. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic
loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to find
dynamic displacements, eigenvalue, eigenvector,
shear force and bending moment. It has been
observed that most of the buildings designed, and
constructed in Nigeria by contractors were designed
and constructed without considering the effects of
these loads. This negligence may have resulted in the
cracks or collapse of buildings in our vicinity. Cases
of building cracks or collapses at the neighboring
town of an area defected by earthquake have been
observed. For example, the 2011 Virginia earthquake
that cracked and collapsed structures in the
neighbouring towns, Ottawa Canada and West
Cleveland Ohio (Raghunandan and Liel, 2013).
Nigeria has recorded earth movements in some of the
above mentioned areas. In 2012, some parts of
Nigeria experienced flooding which may have
resulted to the crack or collapse of buildings located
at the area. Areas like Aguleri in Anambra State,
Ohaji /Egbema in Imo State, Lokoja in Kogi State etc
were affected. Some of the buildings at those areas
may have collapsed due to the effect of dynamic load
caused by the flood. At Borno State there have been
several blasts from the terrorist group called Boko
Haram. The vibration effects from these blasts have
contributed to the cracks and collapse of buildings
around these areas. Some of those structures may
have been saved if there dynamic loads were
considered at the design stage. There are cases where
man induces this ground motion on the purpose of