_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 992 https://www.id-press.eu/mjms/index ID Design Press, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018 Jun 20; 6(6):992-996. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.244 eISSN: 1857-9655 Basic Science In Vitro Action of Meconium on Bronochomotor Tonus of Newborns with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Arsim Haliti 1 , Lirim Mustafa 2 , Sadi Bexheti 3 , Drita Islami 4 , Adnan Bozalija 1* , Ragip Shabani 5 , Hilmi Islami 4 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; 2 Institution KFLM, Agim Ramadani, Prishtina, Kosovo; 3 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; 4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; 5 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Clinical Centre, Prishtina, Kosovo Citation: Haliti A, Mustafa L, Bexheti S, Islami D, Bozalija A, Shabani R, Islami H. In Vitro Action of Meconium on Bronochomotor Tonus of Newborns with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018 Jun 20; 6(6):992-996. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.244 Keywords: Acetylcholine; histamine; trachea; meconium *Correspondence: Adnan Bozalija. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo. E-mail: bozalijaadnan@gmail.com Received: 25-Mar-2018; Revised: 23-May-2018; Accepted: 25-May-2018; Online first: 13-Jun-2018 Copyright: © 2018 Arsim Haliti, Lirim Mustafa, Sadi Bexheti, Drita Islami, Adnan Bozalija, Ragip Shabani, Hilmi Islami. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Funding: This research did not receive any financial support Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Abbreviations: MAS - Meconium Aspiration Syndrome; IL - interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL8); TNF-alpha - tumor necrosis factor; PLA2 - phospholipase A2; PAF - platelets activating factor; NO – Nitric Oxide; H & E - hematoxylin- eosin; X - the median value; SD - standard deviation; SEM - standard error Abstract AIM: Here we studied the role of meconium in the respiratory system on live and exited newborns (weight 250- 3000 g). Throughout this study is followed the response of tracheal rings in acetylcholine and histamine in different molar concentrations (10 -1 , 10 -2 , 10 -3 , 10 -4 mol/dm 3 ). METHODS: To study the smooth tracheal musculature we used 23 tracheal preparations obtained from the newborns exited from meconium aspiration. RESULTS: Based on the functional analysis of the tracheal specimen we have concluded that the meconium aspiration did not change the smooth musculature response on acetylcholine and histamine when compared to control group, exited from lung inflammatory processes (e.g., pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, atelectasis, cerebral hemorrhage), where tracheal smooth musculature response is significant (P for other causes is not significant (P > 0.01). CONCLUSION: The conclusions suggest that meconium did not potentiate the constrictor action of acetylcholine and histamine in the tracheobronchial system and did not cause modulation of bronchomotor tonus in case of his aspiration. Meconium causes mild relaxation of smooth tracheal musculature with a mechanism which is not mediated by cyclooxygenase products, from tracheal epithelium or proteins. Also, direct activity in the smooth musculature of several tested acids seems to have no significant impact in increasing the tonus of respiratory airway of smooth tracheal musculature. Introduction The mechanisms which contribute to increasing the reactivity of respiratory airways in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) are very unclear. Meconium is a biologically active substance with very powerful contractile effect in vascular and airway smooth musculature, composed of leukotriene, PAF, ET-1 etc. Meconium contains high concentrations of fatty acids [1] and biliary acids [2] that may induce contraction of smooth musculature of respiratory airways. This contraction depends on the concentration of aspirated meconium [3]. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is an important cause of mortality and respiratory morbidity in newborns babies. Mechanic obstruction of respiratory airways, dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant, pulmonary inflammation and vasoconstriction are pathologic mechanism associated with MAS syndrome. Damage reactivity of respiratory airways also could be associated with MAS syndrome [4] [5]. The airway obstruction could affect reflexive alteration of bronchomotor tonus associated with bronchoactive substances. Interactions between individual pathogenetic factors are not yet known. Meconium is found to be present from 12 weeks of gestation. It is a product of amniotic fluid of fetus containing plaque cells of vernix caseosa secretion and gastrointestinal cells [6]. Meconium contains 4 different fatty acids (e.g. Choline, henodeoxicholic acid and lithocholic) and minerals from witch copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, iron and phosphorus are more frequent component [7] [8]. Also contains