Civil Engineering and Architecture 9(5): 1442-1455, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090517 Investigation of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Crossing Facilities in India Atif Hussain * , Sanjeev Sinha Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna- 800005, Bihar, India Received May 6, 2021; Revised June 22, 2021; Accepted July 19, 2021 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Atif Hussain, Sanjeev Sinha , "Investigation of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Crossing Facilities in India," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 1442 - 1455, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090517. (b): Atif Hussain, Sanjeev Sinha (2021). Investigation of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior at Crossing Facilities in India. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(5), 1442 - 1455. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2021.090517. Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable road users, yet requisite attention has not been given to their safety especially in developing countries. Every year large numbers of pedestrians are killed in road crashes in India, and many of them die while crossing the roads. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the crossing behavior of pedestrians & to enhance road safety. The survey was conducted on 1423 participants. Factor analysis was carried out, which divided the pedestrian behaviors into five factors, namely: violation, lapse, error, risk, and infrastructure. Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test and post hoc test (Dunn‟s test with Bonferroni correction) were conducted to find the correlation between pedestrians' demographic features and behavioral factors. The results showed that the behavioral patterns like violations, lapses and risks are differentiated by gender. Men made statistically more violations, lapses and took more risks than female road users. Pedestrians from the low-income group, many of whom are devoid of formal education, showed more violations and risk-taking behavior compared to those from the higher-income group. Similarly, old road users and those coming from the higher-income group were found to be more concerned about the lack of pedestrian facilities. Keywords Pedestrian, Crossing, Violation, Lapse, Error, Risks 1. Introduction Safety of pedestrians is a major concern as they are the most vulnerable road users. A large number of pedestrians are either killed or injured while crossing roads. The study of pedestrian's attitudes and behavior can help to understand their requirements and development of policy measures to enhance their safety. Traffic accidents involving pedestrians mostly occur while they cross streets Antic et al. [1]. Large numbers of studies are carried out in countries like the USA, Serbia, Greece Antic, et al., Deb, et al.,Papadimitiou, et al. [1,2,3] using observational and survey techniques. Few studies have also been carried out in developing countries like India in metro cities like Bangalore and New Delhi Ravishankar & Nair, Rankavat & Tiwari, [4,5]. Contemporary literature on pedestrian crossing behavior depends on several factors. Study shows that large numbers of pedestrians (65.7%) do not take a look at the vehicles while crossing streets Zhuang & Wu, [6]. Also, 44% of pedestrians cross during the red signal of pedestrians Ni & Li, [7]. Several researchers have carried out gender-based analysis of pedestrian crossing behavior. Male road users were observed to make more violations than their female counterparts (Ferenchak, Wu, et al., Shaaban, et al., Ravishankar & Nair, [8,9,10,4]. Rankavat & Tiwari [12] reported that there was less utilization of zebra crossing and underpasses by female road users. Lipovac et al. [11] concluded that larger number of females used crosswalks at the intersections having no signals than the one with installed signals. Also, the crossing speed of female users was found to be lesser than those of male users Marisamynathan & Perumal, [12]. Apart from human factors, types of lanes, number of lanes, type of intersections and differences in cultures