INDIAN J. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, VOL. 34, NO. 5, MAY 2014 401
©
2014 - Kalpana Corporation
Leaching Study for the Microbial Contamination of
Groundwater, Delhi Gate, Delhi
A. Kumar, L. Nirpen, A. Ranjan, K. Kaur, K. Gulati, S. Thakur and T. Jindal
Amity University, Department of Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology Safety and
Management (AIETSM), Noida- 201 303
Delhi, the capital of India is one of the fastest growing and developing city in the world.
The rapid growth of Delhi in past decade has significantly increased the loading of
municipal and domestic waste in environment. The drains in Delhi are unlined and hence
the risk of groundwater contamination increases multifold. Lysimetric experiment was
setup for the analysis of physico-chemical and microbial contamination of groundwater
through leaching from the saturated zone of soil profile near to drain site. Samples (drain
and soil) were collected from the site of Delhi Gate, Delhi. The physico-chemical
parameters, like colour, odour, presence of particle, pH, temperature, total dissolved
solid (TDS), total suspended particle (TSS), total hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen
demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of groundwater sample were tested,
which indicated the positive physico-chemical and microbial contamination in groundwater
leachate and drains sample. Total plate count, total coliform and most probable number
test also made to ensure the microbial contamination in groundwater, drain sample, control
leachate and drain leachate. The result for microbial contamination were exceeding in
most of the sample except groundwater sample from the limit (1.0x10
2
cfu/mL) of WHO
standard. Results of the study are posing the serious concern for groundwater through
unlined drains and make science-based decisions on the risks associated with
groundwater.
IJEP 34 (5) : 401-408 (2014) (Received on August 1, 2013)
the Yamuna river. The industrial effluent load
is 320 MLD. Municipal solid waste generation
is estimated to be 5,000 mt/day (MEF, 1997).
It is evident that many parts of the industrial
area in India are colonized and are in very
close vicinity of the industries are using
groundwater for drinking, cleaning, bathing,
domestical and other agricultural practices. In
the close vicinity of this industrial area there
is dense population of residents, who gen-
erally use undergroundwater for most of their
domestic purposes (Siddiqui and Sharma,
2009). Historically, groundwater supplies were
thought to be free of pathogenic microbes due
to the natural filtering ability of the subsurface
environment and the distance a microbe would
have to travel in order to reach the ground-
water source. Contaminants that find their way
into groundwater may originate due to lack of
treatment, improper management of waste-
KEYWORD
Microbes, Coliform, Feacal coliform, Leaching,
Industrial effluent.
INTRODUCTION
Increasing human population has exerted an
enormous pressure on the provision of safe
drinking water especially in developing
countries (Umeh et al ., 2005). Delhi is one of
the developing cities in the world which has a
great interest for the microbial population in
drinking water due to exposure of unrestricted
unlined drain/sewage wastewater flow, which
may have a major and serious unpredicted
problem for the groundwater contamination
through the soil profile as well as other
sources. In India, Delhi is one of the largest
municipal solid waste (MSW) generating city.
Sixteen drains are discharging about 1,900
MLD of municipal sewage and wastewater into