UbiLearn2010 Impacts of adaptive reflection prompt on learners’ reflection levels in a u-learning environment Nian-Shing Chen Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan nschen@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw Gwo-Jen Hwang Department of Information and Learning Technology, National University of Tainan gjhwang@mail.nutn.edu.tw Sheng-Wen Hsieh Department of Management Information System, Far East University, Taiwan onyxhsw@gmail.com Yu-Rei Chang Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan wle7176@gmail.com Abstract: In recent years, a lot of educational scholars have put their research focus on ubiquitous learning (u-learning) environments operated through mobile devices and wireless networks. Many studies have found u-learning to be effective in increasing learning efficiency, and as a result, varied learning activities are continuously being developed for u-learning scenarios. The process of reflection has been found to be important for increasing learners’ learning performance. However, learners find it difficult to reflect in u-learning environments where the majority of learning tasks take place in outdoor learning environments. Therefore, this study tries to connect outdoor learning with u-learning environments and the use of reflection prompts to increase learners’ reflection process. The purpose of this study is to explore whether reflection prompts with adaptive learning styles have potential to increase learners’ reflection. 39 elementary school students participated in the experiment. Four learning scenarios were developed according to their learning styles (reflective or active) and reflection prompts (group discussion or personal prompts). The participants were randomly assigned to the two learning scenarios (adaptive and non-adaptive), and divided into four groups. The results show that the reflection levels of the adaptive learners are higher than those of the non-adaptive learners. Hence, the connection of u-learning environments with reflection prompts is found to be helpful for learners. Keywords: u-learning, reflection, learning style 1. Introduction