Research Article Effectiveness and Safety of Posterior Vaginal Repair with Single- Incision, Ultralightweight, Monofilament Propylene Mesh: First Evidence from a Case Series with Short-Term Results Francesco Deltetto, 1 Alessandro Favilli , 2 Giovanni Buzzaccarini , 3 and Amerigo Vitagliano 4 1 San Luca Nursing Home, Torino, Italy 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy 3 Gynecological Division, San Camillo Hospital, Trento, Italy 4 Department of Women and Children’s Health, Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Amerigo Vitagliano; amerigovitagliano.md@gmail.com Received 23 April 2020; Revised 11 November 2020; Accepted 18 December 2020; Published 4 January 2021 Academic Editor: Gail Mahady Copyright © 2021 Francesco Deltetto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. The use of transvaginal mesh is controversial, and over time, multiple surgical methods for the treatment of posterior vaginal prolapse (PVP) have been proposed including different surgical approaches and techniques. To date, no clear conclusion has been reached about the use of mesh for reinforcing transvaginal posterior repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a novel, ultralightweight mesh for the treatment of PVP. Methods. We performed a single-center, prospective observational study on consecutive patients referred for primary or recurrent, symptomatic stage II PVP (according to the international Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System) from April 2017 to September 2018. In all patients, transvaginal posterior repair was augmented with a single-incision, isoelastic polypropylene mesh. Data about the postoperative outcomes were collected until December 2019. Results. A total number of 15 patients were included. The median follow-up after surgery was 18 months (IQR = 14). Surgery was completed in all cases without complications. Regarding the anatomical outcomes (as measured according to POP-q classification), a significant improvement was observed in terms of Bp, D, and C (p <0:05). The functional outcomes were significantly ameliorated after surgery, with a reduction of bulge symptom, stypsis, incomplete evacuation, and excessive staining (p <0:05). The quality of life was significantly improved in the majority of patients (p <0:05). Median patients’ satisfaction rate was 100% (IQR = 22:5%). Neither early nor late postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions. Single-incision, ultralightweight polypropylene meshes were safe and highly effective in the treatment of PVP. As our study has some limitations, further large, controlled studies are needed. 1. Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) refers to the descent or hernia- tion of one or more pelvic organs from their normal attach- ment sites or their normal position in the pelvis [1]. POP may variably involve the anterior vaginal wall (cystocele), the posterior vaginal wall (rectocele, enterocele), the uterus (uterine prolapse), and the vaginal apex (apical vaginal pro- lapse) [1, 2]. POP is a common condition, affecting up to 50% of par- ous women and being associated with high healthcare costs [3]. At present, the lifetime risk for women undergoing POP surgery is estimated between 6.3% and 19% and is expected to further increase in the near future [4, 5]. For these reasons, the development of effective strategies for treating POP has gained high social priority. The second most common type of POP is posterior vag- inal prolapse (PVP), whose incidence is estimated in 5.7 new Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2021, Article ID 3204145, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3204145