A Simple Route to Ruthenium Sulfide Nanoparticles via Thermal
Decomposition of Precursor Complexes
Johannes Z. Mbese
1,a*
and Peter A. Ajibade
2,b
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
2
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus,
Scottsville 3209, South Africa
a
*E-mail: jmbese@ufh.ac.za,
b
E-mail: AjibadeP@ukzn.ac.za
Keywords: Complexes, Nanoparticles, Photoluminescence, Tauc plot
Abstract. The research work presented here investigate the use of homonuclear tris-
dithiocarbamato ruthenium (III) complexes as single-source molecular precursors to ruthenium
sulfide nanoparticles. The dithiocarbamate ligands with their respective precursor complexes were
characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and in addition TGA was used for precursors.
The absorption spectra confirmed the geometry of tris-chelate ruthenium complexes [Ru(S
2
CNR
2
)
3
]
to be octahedral and were very stable both in solution and in the solid state. The optical and
structural properties of the ruthenium sulfide nanoparticles were examined using FTIR, XRD, EDS,
SEM, TEM, UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL). FTIR studies revealed that Ru
2
S
3
nanoparticles
are capped through the interaction of the –NH
2
group of hexadecylamine (HDA) adsorbed on the
surfaces of nanoparticles with the prominent band observed around 3330 cm
-1
due to v(N-H). The
XRD confirmed the successful formation of ruthenium sulfide nanoparticles with a cubic crystal
structure within the nano-scale range. The optical band gap(Eg) determined from Tauc plot was
found in the range (3.44 to 4.18 eV) values.
Introduction
The semiconducting nanoparticles are of great interest to many materials scientist and
nanotechnologist because of their optical properties. The main optical property of semiconductor
nanoparticles is the energy band gap. Nanomaterials promise to reveal the secrets behind
fundamental principles of physics and chemistry and further explains why nanoscience and
nanotechnology have attracted practitioners from different disciplines [1]. The technology of
nanoscience has increased the understanding of the basic properties and possible applications of
various nanomaterials and has stimulated interest in the study of metal sulfide nanoparticles. This
has motivated a transition from the macroscopic world to microscopic, nanoscopic and molecular
objects due to change of physical properties of the material itself and the change of the surface area
of the objects that is called quantum size effects. This transition forms a vital aspect of the science
of nanomaterials because in macroscopic materials the majority of the atoms are hidden in the bulk
of the material. When materials have reduced sizes and have large surface-to-volume ratios, they
possess distinctive optical, electronic, catalytic, and magnetic properties [2]. These properties
become most fascinating and useful aspects of nanomaterials depend on parameters such as size,
shape, surface characteristics, and other variables including doping and interaction with the
surrounding environment or other nanostructures [3-5]. Single source molecular precursor method
is an alternative route to oldest methods for synthesis of nanomaterials such as the
hydrothermal/solvothermal process and metal-organic synthetic procedure. It prioritizes from the
fact that, in single-source molecular precursor the metal-chalcogenide bond is already formed and
therefore allow for the circumvention of the highly undesirable conditions and chemicals employed
in the metal-organic synthesis. Various chalcogenides metal complexes of
dithio/diselenocarbamates, xanthates, thioureas, and thiosemicarbazides have been successfully
used as single-source precursors for the synthesis of II/VI semiconductor nanoparticles [6-14].
Ruthenium sulfide nanoparticles in particular have tremendous potential, due to their important
Journal of Nano Research Submitted: 2018-06-03
ISSN: 1661-9897, Vol. 54, pp 158-171 Revised: 2018-08-15
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.54.158 Accepted: 2018-08-15
© 2018 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Online: 2018-08-31
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans
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