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SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION AND IDEOLOGICAL
ASYMMETRY IN RELATION TO INTERRACIAL DATING
AND TRANSRACIAL ADOPTION IN CANADA
RICHARD N. LALONDE
BENJAMIN GIGUÈRE
MARSHA FONTAINE
ANDREA SMITH
York University, Toronto, Canada
This study examines the relation between social dominance orientation (SDO) and three hierarchy-attenuating
beliefs (attitude toward and openness to personally engaging in interracial dating and attitude toward transra-
cial adoption) and two hierarchy-enhancing beliefs (stereotyping of interracial relationships and racial iden-
tity concerns in transracial adoption). Participants were 77 Black and 142 White Canadians from the Toronto
area. SDO was significantly negatively related to the three hierarchy-attenuating beliefs and positively to the
two hierarchy-enhancing beliefs for Whites, whereas no significant relationships were found for Blacks. The
relation between SDO and the outcome variables for Blacks and Whites differed significantly with the excep-
tion of openness to interracial dating. Interracial dating experience moderated the relation between race, SDO,
and openness to become personally involved in interracial dating. Results support and extend previous
research by Fang, Sidanius, and Pratto. Their social implications are discussed.
Keywords: social dominance; interracial dating; transracial adoption; interracial relationships
Traditionally, intergroup theories have focused on conflicts across cultural groups (see
Hogg & Abrams, 2001). Recently, however, researchers have expanded the scope of these
theories by exploring interpersonal contexts of intergroup relations such as friendship
(Levin, van Laar, & Sidanius, 2003) and intimate relationships (e.g., Fang, Sidanius, &
Pratto, 1998) that cut across cultural groups. The social boundaries between cultural
groups defined by race, especially between Blacks and Whites, can hamper the establish-
ment and maintenance of close relationships across these cultural groups.
Previous research by Fang et al. (1998) explored opposition to interracial romantic rela-
tionships and suggested that social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) could offer
a valuable framework for the study of these types of relationships. The current study
expands on the work of Fang et al. (1998) and Pratto (1996). We explored cross-cultural
differences in the relationship between social dominance orientation (SDO) and the atti-
tude toward and openness to personally engaging in interracial dating. In addition, a mea-
sure of the stereotypes of interracial relationships was developed to look at its relationship
with SDO. The scope of relationship types also was expanded by examining attitudes
toward transracial adoption and concerns for racial identity development within these
adoptions. Transracial adoption has largely been ignored by cross-cultural and social
AUTHORS’ NOTE: This research was supported in part by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of
Canada to the first author. We would like to thank Janelle Jones for her input on the stereotype measure, Rob Outten and Ilil Naveh-
Benjamin for their input regarding our revisions, and the reviewers for their valuable feedback on an earlier version of this article.
JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY,Vol. 38 No. 5, September 2007 559-572
DOI: 10.1177/0022022107305238
© 2007 Sage Publications