Ž . Spectrochimica Acta Part B 56 2001 947960 Sensitive and selective spectrochemical analysis of metallic samples: the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy  H.H. Telle a,  , D.C.S. Beddows a , G.W. Morris a , O. Samek b a Department of Physics, Uni  ersity of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK b Institute of Physical Engineering, Technical Uni  ersity of Brno, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic ´ Received 12 October 2000; accepted 8 March 2001 Abstract In order to improve on analytical selectivity and sensitivity, the technique of laser-induced fluorescence spectro- Ž . Ž . scopy LIFS was combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy LIBS . The main thrust of this investigation was to address analytical scenarios in which the measurement site may be difficult to access. Hence, a remote LIBS LIFS arrangement was set up, and the experiments were carried out on samples surrounded by air at atmospheric pressure, rather than in a controlled buffer gas environment at reduced pressure. Representative for proof of principle, the detection of aluminium, chromium, iron and silicon at trace level concentrations was pursued. These elements are of importance in numerous chemical, medical and industrial applications, and they exhibit Ž suitable resonance transitions, accessible by radiation from a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser system its 2nd and 3rd . harmonic outputs . All investigated elements have an energy level structure in which the laser-excited level is a member of a group of closely-spaced energy levels; thus, this allowed for easy off-resonant fluorescence detection Ž . collisional energy transfer processes . Since numerous of the relevant transition wavelengths are within a narrow spectral interval, this opens the possibility for multi-element analysis; this was demonstrated here for Cr and Fe which were accessed by rapidly changing the tuneable laser wavelength.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Spectrochemical analysis; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Laser-induced fluorescence spectro- scopy; Atomic emission; Remote material identification  This paper was presented at the 1st International Congress on Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications, Pisa, Italy, October 2000, and is published in the Special Issue of Spectrochimica Acta Part B, dedicated to that conference.  Corresponding author. Ž . E-mail address: h.h.telle@swansea.ac.uk H.H. Telle . 0584-854701$ - see front matter  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Ž . PII: S 0 5 8 4 - 8 5 4 7 01 00190-2