Glacial survival in northern refugia? Phylogeography of the temperate shrub Rosa pendulina L. (Rosaceae): AFLP versus chloroplast DNA variation HANA DANECK 1 , TOM  A  SF  ER 1 * and KAROL MARHOLD FLS 1,2 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Ben  atsk  a 2, CZ-128 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D  ubravsk  a cesta 9, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Received 26 May 2014; revised 13 May 2015; accepted for publication 27 June 2015 Identification of postglacial migration patterns and localization of possible glacial refugia are the main tasks of phylogeographical studies. Analyses of AFLPs in the European temperate shrub Rosa pendulina L. provided an insight into this issue. Similarly to a previous study of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype variation in this species, we detected two widely distributed groups of AFLP genotypes that probably contributed to the postglacial colonization of Central Europe. The first group comprises populations from most of the Alps, the Balkans, and the Apennines. The second group includes populations from the Carpathians, the Bohemian Massif, and part of the Alps. However, geographical delimitation of the contact zone between these two lineages was situated slightly southward from the zone defined by cpDNA haplotypes. This might reflect different dispersal abilities of seeds and pollen. Populations from the Iberian Peninsula represent a separate genetic subgroup within the Alpine– Balkan group that apparently did not contribute to the most recent postglacial expansion of the species. Indications for glacial survival (defined by higher-than-average frequency-down-weighted marker values) were identified in the Balkan Peninsula and in the Southern Alps. However, one population at the northern edge of the Alps and one in the Western Carpathians also possessed very high values. This finding might be an indication of full-glacial survival in these regions and points out the importance of the Carpathians for the historical distributional changes of R. pendulina. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 119, 704–718. KEYWORDS: alpine rose – Central Europe – contact zone – genetic diversity – glacial refugia – postglacial history. INTRODUCTION Quaternary phylogeography, based on palaeoecologi- cal data and the distribution of genetic variability among contemporary populations, is currently used to postulate postglacial history scenarios for a num- ber of taxa with different ecological and biological features. Results from these phylogeographical stud- ies are extrapolated to provide general conclusions about glacial refugia, colonization routes, and the location of contact zones among different genetic lin- eages. For temperate European plants and animals, several general postglacial colonization patterns have been proposed (Taberlet et al., 1998; Hewitt, 1999, 2004) based on the presumption of three primary southern European glacial refugia (the Iberian, Apennine, and Balkan Peninsulas), from which northern areas were believed to have been colonized. At the same time, suture zones were hypothesized to exist in the areas in which different genetic lineages presumably went into contact, namely, in the Pyre- nees, the Alps, across Scandinavia, and in Central Europe north of the Alps (Taberlet et al., 1998; Hewitt, 1999, 2004). More recently, additional refu- gia in more northerly regions, particularly in Central Europe, have been suggested and discussed based on macrofossil evidence (e.g. Willis, Rudner & S€ umegi, 2000; Carcaillet & Vernet, 2001; Willis & Andel, *Corresponding author. E-mail: tomas.fer@natur.cuni.cz 704 © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 119, 704–718 Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 119, 704–718. With 4 figures. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-abstract/119/3/704/2700989 by guest on 08 June 2020