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Chapter 6
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0190-9.ch006
ABSTRACT
With the rapidly evolving silicon technology, the power density becomes increasingly high. Quadratically
related to power, the voltage scaling ofers a means of minimizing energy. However, power supply scaling
demands less threshold voltage, which rises leakage current. Several low power techniques have been
devised. This chapter deals with the non-conventional low power design solutions, based on adiabatic
switching theory. In such circuits, the energy rather than getting dissipated during every cycle, is trans-
ferred back and forth between the logic and power-clock sources. A brief discussion on the reversible
logic circuits will be presented followed by the fully adiabatic and quasi-adiabatic circuits. The use of
power-clock sources for operating the adiabatic circuits will also be introduced. The generalized energetics
of an adiabatic circuit followed by the typical loss models of the adiabatic families are presented. Some
of the adiabatic circuits employing CMOS transistors are introduced in the chapter. A short comparison
for the adiabatic circuit leakage models follows.
INTRODUCTION
Need for Low Power
With the rapid evolution in silicon technology, the transistor size continues decreasing remarkably,
and the chips grow up in functionality with the switching frequencies increasing in parallel. The power
dissipation in the chip thus becomes increasingly high. In 1980s, the growing power dissipation in the
microprocessors, the memory and a multitude of ASICs prompted an industry-wide shift from the bipo-
lar and NMOS technologies to CMOS to assuage the problem of heat dissipation. This attempt greatly
reduced the average power dissipation resulting in a provisional solution. However, higher packing
Low Power VLSI Circuit
Design using Energy
Recovery Techniques
V. S. Kanchana Bhaaskaran
VIT University, India