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LONG DISTANCE CERAMIC EXCHANGE INCOTZUMALGUAPA:
RESULTS OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
Oswaldo Chinchilla
Ronald L. Bishop
M. James Blackman
Erin L. Sears
José Vicente Genovez
Regina Moraga
Keywords: Maya archaeology, Guatemala, Escuintla, South Coast, Pacific Coast,
Cotzumalguapa, ceramics, neutron activation, trade, exchange
Since the XIX century, Cotzumalguapa has been focus of attention due to the seemingly
intense relationships it maintained with other parts of Mesoamerica, initially perceptible
in sculptural art. As a result of the investigations conducted in recent years,
Cotzumalguapa has revealed itself like a large urban center that includes several
groups of monumental architecture and wide settlements integrated through a system of
causeways and bridges.
During the extraordinary boom it experienced in the Late Classic period,
Cotzumalguapa represented one of the main cities in southern Mesoamerica, seat of an
important political organization, and a generating center of cultural innovations that were
echoed in a wide region of the Altiplano and the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. It does not
come as a surprise that this city had maintained commercial relationships with other
Mesoamerican regions, though this aspect has not been much investigated so far. The
iconography of sculptures reveals the full participation of Cotzumalguapa in the cultural
fabric of Mesoamerica, but it is only through field archaeology that the external contacts
of the inhabitants of this city will be revealed, by examining the long distance exchange
of artifacts.
In his pioneer investigations, Eric Thompson (1948) and Lee A. Parsons (1967)
reported small assemblages of foreign materials at El Baul and Bilbao. The recent
efforts of the Cotzumalguapa Archaeological Project have produced new collections of
imported artifacts, some of which were accurately identified through visual observation
and comparisons with materials from other regions. The method of Instrumental
Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used, in an attempt to identify the origin of a set
of materials with a style that suggested a stylistic affiliation with the pottery of the Maya
Lowlands, but whose poor preservation did not allow for their full identification through
visual methods. This article describes the results of the study of imported ceramic
materials in Cotzumalguapa, including macroscopic observations and stylistic
comparisons, as well as the results of the chemical analysis of pastes.
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