Abstract — In real world applications, a multichannel
acquisition system is susceptible of having one or many of its
sensors displaced or detached, leading therefore to the loss or
corruption of the recorded signals. In this paper, we present a
technique for detecting missing or corrupted signals in
multichannel recordings. Our approach is based on Higher
Order Statistics (HOS) analysis. Our approach is tested on real
uterine electromyogram (EMG) signals recorded by 4x4
electrode grid. Results have shown that HOS descriptors can
discriminate between the two classes of signals (missing vs. non-
missing). These results are supported by statistical analysis
using the t-test which indicated good statistical significance of
95% confidence level.
I. INTRODUCTION
lectrophysiological signals are believed to carry
detailed information relative to the system that generates
them [1]. Over the years, these signals have been the
subject of extended research in a variety of directions
including signal acquisition equipment to areas such as
digital signal processing, and pattern recognition. The
analysis of these electrophysiological signals has completely
changed the way various diseases previously were diagnosed
in clinical routine. As a result, many of the problems
confronting health professionals can be solved today by
analyzing these signals recorded noninvasively from the
patients [1].
The non-invasive acquisition of an electrophysiological
signal is usually done through the attachment of a minimum
of two electrodes to the body surface. However, multiple
electrode configurations are commonly used in clinical
practice to obtain a spatial description of the underlying
bioelectrical phenomenon. The major applications in non-
invasive multichannel electrophysiological signal acquisition
would be those of the electroencephalogram (EEG) [2, 3],
the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals [4] and the uterine
electromyogram [5]. Studies have shown that, although there
is a correlation between the electrical activities recorded at
different sites, the characteristics of the recorded signal
Manuscript received March 29, 2012. This work was achieved in
collaboration between Rafik Hariri University (Lebanon), University of
Technology of Compiègne (France) and the Lebanese University
(Lebanon).
Ramzi Halabi, Mohamad O. Diab and Bassam Moslem are with Rafik
Hariri University (RHU), College of Engineering, Bio-instrumentation
Department, Meshref, Lebanon.(Corresponding author: +961 5 601 381,
email: halabiro@students.hcu.edu.lb).
Catherine Marque is with the University of Technology of Compiègne
(UTC), CNRS UMR 6600 Compiègne, Cedex, France.
Mohamad Khalil is with the Lebanese University, AZM center for the
research in biotechnology, Tripoli - Lebanon
depend on the position of the recording electrode [1]. With
the use of multiple electrodes, it has become possible to look
deeper into the electrophysiological activity of a system,
evaluate the correlation between signals recorded from
spatially distributed regions and characterize it by new
features such as the synchronization and the propagation
velocity. Moreover, it was shown that the joint use of spatial
data from different spatial sensors has the potential of
solving difficult pattern recognition problems including the
classification of electrophysiological signals [6].
However, in clinical practice, continuous recording of
all channels is often cumbersome especially when a
continuous monitoring for prolonged durations is to be
performed. As a result, one or multiple signals can be lost,
masked by noise or even corrupted during an ongoing
recording session due to electrode displacement issues. In
fact, there is always risk of electrode drift, misplacement,
displacement or even complete detachment, leading to the
corruption of the desired data and therefore misdiagnosis.
Herein, corrupted signals of all sorts are termed missing
signals for the sake of generalization.
Hence, the detection of missing signals in multichannel
recordings represents a crucial objective of biomedical
signal processing so as to mitigate the influence of the
misleading results of their analysis in biomedical research.
In this paper, we present an approach for detecting
missing signals in multichannel recording by using higher
order statistics (HOS) descriptors since these descriptors are
known to be sensitive to the shape variation of the amplitude
distribution of a signal. Indeed, shape variation is expected
to occur following the loss or the corruption of the recorded
signal. Our approach is then tested on real uterine
electromyogram (EMG) signals recorded by a matrix of 16
electrodes placed on the abdominal wall of pregnant women.
Herein, we use the absolute values of kurtosis and skewness
derived from the recorded channels in order to discriminate
between contraction signals and missing signals found in the
database. The values of the above stated parameters are
compared between the 2 classes (non-missing vs. missing
signals). Finally, the obtained results are discussed.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Uterine Electromyogram (EMG):
Uterine EMG signal, also called electrohysterogram
(EHG), is the bioelectrical signal recorded noninvasively
from the abdominal wall of pregnant women during their
gestational period. It represents the noninvasive space-time
recording of the uterine electrical activity with one or
multiple independent sensors that capture some aspect of
Detecting Missing Signals in Multichannel Recordings by Using
Higher Order Statistics
Halabi R., Diab M.O., Moslem B., Khalil M. and Marque C.
E
34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS
San Diego, California USA, 28 August - 1 September, 2012
3110 978-1-4577-1787-1/12/$26.00 ©2012 IEEE