Research Article Distal Insertional Footprint of the Brachialis Muscle: 3D Morphometric Study Srinath Kamineni, Abdo Bachoura, William Behrens, Ellora Kamineni, and Andrew Deane Elbow Shoulder Research Centre, University of Kentucky Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Kentucky Clinic, 740 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0284, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Srinath Kamineni; srinathkamineni@gmail.com Received 24 May 2015; Revised 9 September 2015; Accepted 12 October 2015 Academic Editor: Levent Sarikcioglu Copyright © 2015 Srinath Kamineni et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. Te purpose of this study is to describe the three-dimensional morphometry of the brachialis muscle at its distal attachment to the ulna. Methods. Fify cadaveric elbows were dissected and the brachialis distal insertion was isolated on the ulna bone and probed with a three-dimensional digitizer, to create a three-dimensional model of the footprint. Measurements and analysis of each footprint shape were recorded and compared based on gender and size. Results. Tere was signifcant gender diference in the surface length (P = 0.002) and projected length (P = 0.001) of the brachialis footprint. Te shapes of the footprint also difered among the specimens. Conclusion. Te shape of the brachialis muscle insertion difered among all the specimens without signifcant variation in gender or sides. Tere was also a signifcant diference in muscle length between males and females with little diference in the width and surface area. Signifcance. Te information obtained from this study is important for kinematic understanding and surgical procedures around the elbow joint as well as the understanding of the natural age related anatomy of the brachialis footprint morphology. 1. Introduction Te brachialis muscle is the major elbow fexor. Te brachialis tendon inserts distally to the coronoid process at the tuberos- ity of the ulna. Tis distal attachment has been described by previous studies as fbers of the brachialis muscle converging to a thick, broad tendon which is attached to the tuberosity of the ulna and to a rough impression on the anterior aspect of the coronoid process [1–3]. It is innervated by branches of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves [4, 5]. Injury to the brachialis is uncommon and reports are ofen limited to small case series or case reports [6, 7]. As a result, there has been little anatomical characterization of the distal attachment of the brachialis muscle [1]. According to Cage et al. [8], the brachialis muscle is injured during type III coronoid fractures that involve disruption of more than 50% of the height of the coronoid process, afecting the brachialis distal tendinous insertion at the more proximal aspect of the ulnar tuberosity. Previous research on the muscle footprints took measurements with calipers and MRI as illustrated in Table 1. Tree-dimensional characterization allows for a more objective morphometric analysis of the muscle footprint. Tis study provides information on the qualitative and quantitative morphometry of the distal brachialis muscle insertion on the ulna. Te knowledge obtained from the study contributes to our understanding of the functional and anatomic characteristics of the brachialis muscle. A better understanding of the muscle footprint could be used to improve the current anterior and anterolateral surgical approaches to repair fractures around the elbow joint with ulnar bony involvement [1]. Although injury to the brachialis muscle or tendon is rare, information from this study could serve as a guide for orthopedic surgeons considering the use of the brachialis tendon as a treatment option in cases like brachialis tendon injuries, biceps brachii tendon ruptures, brachial plexus injury, and coronoid process fractures [2, 9]. 2. Materials and Methods Fify cadaveric upper limbs from twenty-eight formalin preserved cadavers (University of Kentucky) were dissected Hindawi Publishing Corporation Anatomy Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 786508, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/786508