January 2021 · Volume 10 · Issue 1 Page 26
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Elghazal Z et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Jan;10(1):26-31
www.ijrcog.org
pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789
Original Research Article
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy with high BMI in the
Jabal Akhdar region of Libya
Zahia Elghazal, Ream Langhe*, Nagat Bettamer, Karima Hamad
INTRODUCTION
Improvements of maternal, perinatal and child health are
public health priorities. Maternal pre pregnancy body
mass index (BMI) has noticeably increased among
women of reproductive age in developed countries. In the
United States, obesity is prevalent in more than one third
of women, as well as more than one half of pregnant
women. 8% of women at reproductive age are considered
extremely obese, which make them at greater risk of
pregnancy adverse outcomes.
1, 2
Rao AK et al (2006), described a significant difference in
perinatal outcomes among subgroups of the Asian
American and Pacific Islander community and advised
that mothers should be counseled regarding perinatal risk
according to their specific Asian subgroup.
3
Ota E, et al
(2011) revealed that African women were at higher risk
of having a very small infant compared with Caucasian
women.
4
Overweight maternal pre-pregnancy, obesity and
excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are significant
ABSTRACT
Background: Overweight maternal pre-pregnancy, obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are significant risk
factors for unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy. The association of obesity with maternal
and perinatal outcomes is poorly understood in Jabal Akhdar region of Libya. This study was to examine maternal
and perinatal outcomes in obese mothers compared to non-obese mothers in Jabal Akhdar region of Libya.
Methods: This is a Cross sectional survey design study with internal comparison groups. The study was conducted
between May 2015 and May 2016 in Jabal Akhdar region od Libya. A total of 415 women at reproductive age were
deemed eligible for this study. BMI categories were defined as; underweight (BMI< 18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 -
24.99), overweight (BMI 25 - 29.99), grade I obesity (BMI 30 - 34.99), grade II obesity (BMI 35 - 39.99) and grade
III obesity (BMI 40+). Data obtained in this study was analysed using SPSS, version 17.0 was used in analysis.
Results: Of 415 women included in this study, 282 had a BMI <30 kg/m
2
and 133 women had a BMI >30 kg/m
2
.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension was more prevalent in obese mothers compared to non-obese women. The rate of
operative delivery and caesarean section were also demonstrated between obese and non-obese mothers and these
differences were significant.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates extent of obstetric risks associated with obesity in pregnancy, though more
research is required to fully elucidate the effect that maternal obesity is having on maternal and perinatal outcomes in
pregnancy in Libyan populations. Since high weight gain is a modifiable risk factor, pre pregnancy health education
awareness of health care providers, good behavioral counseling and weight control program during pregnancy should
help to modify this risk.
Keywords: Caesarean section, Jabal Akhdar, Maternal obesity, Maternal outcomes, Pregnancy
Department of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Received: 06 November 2020
Revised: 12 December 2020
Accepted: 14 December 2020
*Correspondence:
Dr. Ream Langhe,
E-mail: reamlanghe@yahoo.co.uk
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205750