Arts 2021, 10, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts10030060 www.mdpi.com/journal/arts
Article
Colors Inspired by Nature Analyzed in Two Residential
Buildings Designed by Victor Horta
Barbara Widera
Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; barbara.widera@pwr.edu.pl
Abstract: The aim of the article is to present the results of research on colors carried out in two
residential buildings in Brussels, designed by Victor Horta: The Tassel House (1893–1894) and The
Horta House (1898–1901), representing the Art Nouveau style for which the main source of
inspiration was nature. The purpose of the research was to check whether the selection of colors in
the buildings was also inspired by nature. The investigation applied methods of archive studies,
literature review, field survey and comparative analysis of 251 color samples taken in the interiors
and façades of the two houses, compared to the 307 color samples collected in the natural
environment within the radius of 700 m from the two locations. The samples were described using
the Natural Colour System
®
chart. The research results revealed that the value of the color-matching
indicator for the comparison of the color samples collected in the two examined buildings and the
samples of predominant colors observed in the natural environment was determined at the average
level of 92.5%. The conclusions from the study confirmed the significance of drawing inspiration
from nature in the field of colors selection in the two analyzed buildings designed by Victor Horta.
Keywords: architecture; heritage building; nature-based solutions; natural environment; European
cities; building renovation; building envelope; Art Nouveau; daylighting; energy in buildings
1. Introduction
The first two decades of the 21st century brought significant progress of knowledge in
the field of natural sciences as well as a growing interest of all aspects of the natural
environment. Several scholars analyzed the relations between nature and architecture
(Agrest 2018; Widera 2018) and the changing perception of nature (Goodfellow 2019;
Lovelock 2016; Sigurðardóttir 2020).
The research described in this article addressed the topic of color in architecture with
a special focus on the inspirations driven from nature. The article presents the results of the
study on colors carried out in two townhouses and designed by Victor Horta: The Tassel
House (1893–1894) and The Horta House (1898–1901). Victor Horta is regarded as the
protagonist of Art Nouveau in architecture, while the edifices selected for the research
represent excellent examples of Art Nouveau, the architectural style for which the main
source of inspiration was Nature.
Both heritage buildings selected for color analysis are located in Brussels, in two
neighborhood districts: Saint Gilles and Elsene. The distance between the two buildings is
approximately 700 m. Therefore, these two districts determined the area of the study. The
specific purpose of the research was to check whether the selection of colors in architecture
and interior design in the two analyzed edifices was genuinely inspired by nature. The
investigation applied methods of archive studies, literature review, field survey and
comparative analysis of color samples taken in the two houses, being the subject of research.
The samples, taken both inside and outside the residences, were compared with the color
Citation: Widera, Barbara. 2021.
Colors Inspired by Nature Analyzed
in Two Residential Buildings
Designed by Victor Horta. Arts 10:
60. https://doi.org/10.3390/
arts10030060
Academic Editors: Jadwiga Urbanik,
Agnieszka Tomaszewicz,
Małgorzata Chorowska and
Vladimir Slapeta
Received: 27 July 2021
Accepted: 26 August 2021
Published: 31 August 2021
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