Accepted by J. Rowley: 19 Apr. 2014; published: 20 May 2014 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 3796 (3): 401–434 www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article 401 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FE38169D-6687-42DF-B29B-444A954D1E08 Two new species of Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Annamite mountains in southern Vietnam ANNA B. VASSILIEVA 1,2,4 , EDUARD A. GALOYAN 2,3 , SVETLANA S. GOGOLEVA 2,3 , & NIKOLAY A. POYARKOV, JR. 1,2,4 1 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP–1, Moscow 119991, Russia 2 Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center under the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, South Branch, 3, Street 3/2, 10 District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 3 Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 6, Moscow 125009, Russia 4 Corresponding authors. E-mail: vassil.anna@gmail.com, n.poyarkov@gmail.com Abstract We describe two new mountain-dwelling microhylid species of the genus Kalophrynus from the southern part of the An- namite Mountains in Vietnam. The two new species differ from all known congeners in morphological characters and mtDNA; phylogenetically, they form a sister clade to the large-bodied K. interlineatus (1009 bp, 16S rRNA gene, mtD- NA). Both species share the following characteristics: snout pointed in dorsal and lateral views, slightly sloping in profile; tympanum distinct, smaller than eye in diameter; toe webbing moderate; outer metatarsal tubercle present; light dorsolat- eral line absent. Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. from Loc Bao, Lam Dong Province is a small-sized species distin- guishing from its congeners by a combination of: SVL 27.9–30.4 mm in males, 23.4 mm in female; canthus rostralis indistinct; males with large sharp conical spines on the skin covering mandible margins and finely asperous nuptial pads on the dorsal surface of fingers I–III; dark ocelli in the inguinal region usually present, small, without a light border; an- terior palatal dermal ridge short, restricted to medial part of palate. Kalophrynus honbaensis sp. nov. from Hon Ba, Khanh Hoa Province is a medium-sized Kalophrynus, distinguishing from its congeners by a combination of: SVL 26.7–36.8 mm in males; canthus rostralis distinct; males without distinguishable spines on the mandible margins nor the nuptial pads; dark ocelli in the inguinal region present, large, without a distinct light border, anterior palatal dermal ridge developed, parallel to posterior one. Kalophrynus cryptophonus sp. nov. reproduces in hollow bamboo stems; we describe larval mor- phology and bioacoustics of this species in relation to phytotelm breeding. A review of the distribution of the genus Ka- lophrynus in Indochina is provided. Key words: Indochina, taxonomy, 16S rRNA, advertisement call, tadpole, phytotelm breeding, Kalophrynus cryptopho- nus sp. nov., Kalophrynus honbaensis sp. nov. Introduction The genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838, or sticky frogs, is the only representative of the subfamily Kalophryninae Mivart, 1869 and is recovered as a phylogenetically divergent group of Microhylidae, showing affinities to Melanobatrachinae and Asterophrynae (Van Bocxlaer et al. 2006; Frost et al. 2006; Pyron & Wiens 2011). The assumed Mesozoic origin of the group allow some authors to regard it as a distinct family of anurans (Bossuyt & Roelants 2009). At present, the genus Kalophrynus encompasses 19 species of small to medium sized litter frogs widely distributed in Southeast Asia, from northeastern India (Assam State) through Myanmar, southern China, Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) and southwards to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines (Frost 2014; AmphibiaWeb 2014). The species diversity of Kalophrynus is found in Peninsular Malaysia and on Borneo (Inger 1966; Ohler & Grosjean 2005; Matsui 2009). The Indochina and neighboring areas are notably depauperate in Kalophrynus diversity, with only two of 19 recognized species of this genus being recorded from this region. One of these, the