Volume 1 | Issue 3 | 1 of 2 Cancer Sci Res, 2018 SCHIZENCEFALIA - A Bibliographic Review of Clinical Aspects Faculty of Sciences and Education Sena Aires, Valparaíso de Goiás, GO, Brazil. * Correspondence: Carla Chiste T Santos, Master in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sciences and Education Sena, Aires (FACESA), Anhanguera, Valparaíso de Goiás – GO, Brazil, Tel +55 61 3627-4200, E-mail: carlachiste@ senaaires.com.br. Received: 15 July 2018; Accepted: 10 August 2018 Carla Chiste T Santos * , Chadya Samia Soares Pacondes De Miranda, Kelly De Jesus Menezzes Da Silva, Iel Marciano de Moraes Filho, Fellipe José Gomes Queiroz and Fernando Vianna Cabral Pucci Cancer Science & Research ABSTRACT The main objective of this review is to analyze the clinical fndings of patients diagnosed with schizencephaly, elucidating their main characteristics and symptoms and main therapeutic approaches. This is a bibliographic review based on the specialized literature through consultation of scientifc articles selected through search of the scielo and peDRO database, from Medline and Lilacs sources. The studies found schizencephaly as a disorder in neural migration characterized by clefts in the cerebral cortex, which lead to cognitive, motor and neuropsychomotor development since it is a congenital pathology. The treatment presented is variable and dependent on the clinical picture of the patient and the histological characteristic of the lesion and its impact on the central nervous system. ISSN 2639-8478 Review Article Citation: Carla Chiste T Santos, Chadya Samia Soares Pacondes De Miranda, Kelly De Jesus Menezzes Da Silva, et al. SCHIZENCEFALIA - A Bibliographic Review of Clinical Aspects. Cancer Sci Res. 2018; 1(3); 1-2. Keywords Central nervous system, Schizencephaly, Cerebral Cortex, Congenital Abnormalities. Introduction Schizencephaly is a disorder of neuronal migration characterized by fssures of the cerebral cortex, which extend from the surface of the pial to the lateral ventricle. At the edges of the slits there is a cortical layer with polymicrogyria (a malformation caused by defects in the development of the cerebral cortex), the lamination of which consists of four layers of cells. Schizencephaly is a rare congenital disease characterized by clefts that extend from the thickness of the cerebral hemispheres to the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces, that is, caused by an error in the migration of the neurons that will form the cerebral cortex. It is afected in the mother's belly between the second and ffth month of gestation. It is believed to be due to poor blood circulation of the mother or genetic inheritance [1-3]. But so far there are no specifc conclusions that can state such diagnoses. There are two types of schizencephaly, type I schizencephaly has a gray mass of tissue of matter without any cleft or fuid with ventricular or cortical lips that close at one end of a fuid through the abnormal slit of the hemisphere. Type II schizencephaly shows a full cerebrospinal fuid and a slit of variable size and shape that extends through the hemisphere of the eppendimus to peripherally [4-6]. Epidemiology Because it is considered a rare disease worldwide, the prevalence of schizencephaly among the group of malformations of neuronal migration is between 3-7%. With 1.54 per 100,000 live births in a study based on the US population. There is no evidence to show the existence of racial predisposition or by sex [6]. Etiology Because it is a low incidence pathology, the main risk factors that trigger this cascade of neural migration disorders are still unknown. However, the most reliable hypothesis concerns an increase in the relative risk of almost four times higher in the ofspring of young parents and more than twice in monozygotic twins and also by a point mutation in Chromosome 10q26.1 where the gene is located EMX2 development homeobox, which is responsible for the confguration of the central nervous system and the urogenital tract. The prognosis is variable, as it depends on the size of the slits and the degree of neurological defcit.