Classification: SOCIAL SCIENCES: Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Title: Hostile Attributional Bias and Aggressive Behavior in Global Context Author Affiliations: Kenneth A. Dodge, Duke University, 302 Towerview Drive, Durham, NC, 27708 USA Patrick S. Malone, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Jennifer E. Lansford, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Emma Sorbring, University West, Tollhättan, Sweden Ann T. Skinner, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Sombat Tapanya, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Rome University ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy and Universidad San Buenaventura, Colombia Arnaldo Zelli, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico,’ Italy Liane Peña Alampay, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines Suha M. Al-Hassan, Hashemite University, Jordan Dario Bacchini, Second University of Naples, Italy Anna Silvia Bombi, Rome University ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy Marc H. Bornstein, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA Lei Chang, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Kirby Deater-Deckard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, USA Laura Di Giunta, Rome University ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy Paul Oburu, Maseno University, Kenya Concetta Pastorelli, Rome University ‘La Sapienza,’ Italy Corresponding Author: Kenneth A. Dodge, Duke University, 302 Towerview Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA email: dodge@duke.edu; ph: 919-613-9303 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press 2015