Clinical and Translational Report Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota Graphical Abstract Highlights d IF ameliorates the clinical course and pathology of the MS mouse model (EAE) d IF increases gut microbial diversity, alters their composition and metabolic pathways d Gut microbiota transfer from mice on IF led to protection from EAE in recipient mice d Findings with IER in MS patients partially recapitulates what is observed with IF in EAE Authors Francesca Cignarella, Claudia Cantoni, Laura Ghezzi, ..., Anne H. Cross, Yanjiao Zhou, Laura Piccio Correspondence yazhou@uchc.edu (Y.Z.), picciol@wustl.edu (L.P.) In Brief Intermittent fasting confers protection in the multiple sclerosis animal model through effects on the gut microbiota; similar changes to the gut microbiota were observed in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients undergoing intermittent energy restriction. Cignarella et al., 2018, Cell Metabolism 27, 1222–1235 June 5, 2018 ª 2018 Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006