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Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale
East Asian Languages and Linguistics
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Does Vietnamese have evidence for oc *-r?
Mark J. ALVES
Montgomery College
mark.alves@montgomerycollege.edu
Abstract
Specialists in Chinese historical phonology have claimed that some Vietnamese words
with final /-j/ come from Old Chinese words with final *-r. This is reasonable to spec-
ulate as Proto-Austroasiatic finals *-r and *-l became final /-j/ in Vietnamese, parallel
to the case in Sinitic. However, these Vietnamese words offer little evidence for oc *-r.
Vietnamese did borrow a number of Late Old Chinese or Early Middle Chinese words
reconstructed with final *-r after *-r merged with *-n in Eastern Han or later, and thus
these words also have /-n/ in Vietnamese. Several other Vietnamese words with final
/-j/ which are possibly from Old Chinese words having *-r were borrowed earlier in
the bc eperiod, likely before large migrations of Sinitic speakers arrived. Those words
include verbs and an adjective, words less likely than nouns to be borrowed without
large bilingual communities. The small number of words and general uncertainty sug-
gests some Vietnamese words with /-j/ purportedly from Old Chinese words with *-r
may be chance similarities. Few are probable Chinese loanwords from that period.
Keywords
Vietnamese – Austroasiatic – Old Chinese – final consonants
Résumé
Des spcialistes de phonologie historique du chinois ont propos que certains mots
vietnamien à finale /-j/ proviennent de mots qui avaient une finale *-r en chinois
archaque. C’ est une ide raisonnable dans la mesure o les finales proto-austroasia-
tiques *-r et *-l sont devenues des finales /-j/ en vietnamien. Toutefois, ces mots
vietnamiens ne sont permettent pas de conclure à la prsence d’un *-r en chinois
archaque. Le vietnamien a emprunt un certain nombre de mots du chinois archaque