International Journal of Gender and Women‘s Studies
December 2019, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 13-21
ISSN: 2333-6021 (Print), 2333-603X (Online)
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development
DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p2
URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v7n2p2
Silenced No More: Transformation of Female Sexual Violation into Sacred Stories and
Sacred Silence
Chaya M. Abrams
1
, Ph.D., LPC LAC
Abstract
Holocaust literature has historically focused on generalized genocide of Jews throughout several decades, with
scarce mention of Jewish sexuality, reproductive functioning, or sexual trauma (Chalmers, 2015). This paper
addresses silenced female sexual violations that occurred within ghettos and concentration camps during the
Holocaust. A background of Jewish sexuality in Germany prior to World War II is examined, as well as the
impact of the Rassenschande Laws on violations of the female body and intelligence. The terms traumatic silence
and sacred silence are presented and defined by the author and discussed in context of current scholarly ways of
understanding silence in posttraumatic response. Observations of silenced sexual violations are discussed
through examples from the author‘s visit to Auschwitz-Birkenau, and conceptualized as sacred stories of
Holocaust women. To support this stance, sacred stories of several minority female writers are portrayed in
this paper as examples of strength during times of oppression. Through externalization of silenced sacred
stories, transformation of female sexual violations from traumatic silence to whole-hearted sacred silence is
possible. Implications for re-authorship of traumatic stories into sacred stories are introduced through
contemporary western attitudes toward the sexuality and reproductive rights of women.
Keywords: female sexual violation, sacred stories, traumatic silence, sacred silence
1. Introduction
The majority of Holocaust literature over several decades has focused on generalized genocide of Jews
through venues of torture, starvation, gassing, diseases contracted in ghettos, and death at the hands of Nazi killing
units, or Einsatzgruppen. An act of Nazi brutality that has been historically silenced, however, is manipulation of Jewish
sexuality and reproductive functioning in an attempt to eradicate Jewish existence deemed unfit by Aryan standards of
purity (Chalmers, 2015). Specific to this paper, I discuss silenced female sexual trauma that occurred within the
ghettos and concentration camps in Eastern Europe.
I was drawn to this topic after conducting a recent study that examined how persons having experienced
Historical Trauma Response (HTR) connect to sacred stories in psychotherapy (Abrams, 2019). Although the study
did not intentionally target an exclusive sample of female trauma survivors, all participants were female and several
hailed from marginalized populations. The participants‘ experiences of Historical Trauma and Historical Trauma
Response (HTR) opened my eyes further to the complexity of silenced female trauma. Compelled by a quest for more
information, I toured Auschwitz-Birkenau and was engulfed by trauma associations so strong, I felt my body contract
and hold the echoes of the violations suffered by women of the camp. Following that visit and through subsequent
writings, I wish to break the tortured silence of women whose cries permeate my entire being. I lend a gentle hand to
the reader in exploration of female testimonies of sexual violations over several decades.
1
Faculty Member, University of Colorado Denver, School of Education and Human Development, Counseling Program
Correspondence: chaya.abrams@ucdenver.edu Phone: +1 303-947-3356