Regional Radiation Topology Algorithm for Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks Shih-Hao Chang S.Chang@2004.ljmu.ac.uk Madjid Merabti M.Merabti@ljmu.ac.uk Hala Mokhtar H.M.Mokhtar@ljmu.ac.uk Networked Appliances Lab School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. Abstract – Mobile sinks wireless sensor networks (MSWSNs) are composed of a large number of densely deployed sensor nodes with some data collection mobile devices (such as PDA or notebook) to collection sensing data from the networks. In this paper we investigate a novel routing mechanism for the mobile sinks that combine spatiotemporal topology which we called regional radiation topology algorithms to perform reliable communication and energy efficient for mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. The regional radiation topology idea is inspiration by crystal electric ball that you can see in future teller’s shop. When you move your finger on the circumference of the crystal electric ball, it will connect the static electricity with the core. This phenomenon similar as mobile sinks walk through the sensor networks. The presented approach is validated and evaluate in a simulation environment. We have conducted a simulation study to our work using the GTNetS simulator. Our simulation results show that Regional radiation topology Magnetic-Based Routing Protocol (RRTM) achieves high performance and has more energy saving than other existing protocols. Topics Keywords – Mobile sinks, mobile sinks, wireless sensor networks, network topology, data dissemination. I. INTRODUCTION Mobile sinks wireless sensor networks (MSWSN) are envisioned to consist of a large number of sensors with several mobile monitoring terminals, called sinks, gathering the sensor reading, carried by users. The sinks monitoring the wireless sensor nodes (WSN) have many advantages such as the facilitate data gathering and prolong network lifetime between the source and sinks. They also can prevent the sensing field is too far away from the base station that cause transmitting data over long that increase the delay, add more network traffic, and weaken the security strength (e.g., some intermediate may modify the data passing by). An example of mobile sinks in WSN application is scientists deployed these sensor from the UAV to monitor pollution processes in specific environment (such as radiation, temperature, biological index of water pollution) with mobile devices (PDA, mobile phone). This requires engineers using mobile devices to search around the area and also have to keep efficient data transmission and reliable network operation. However, these mobile sinks in WSN also introduce new challenges for WSN such as dynamic routing, topology maintenance and reliability communication. In this article, we present a novel query-driven dynamic topology algorithm which we called regional radiation topology algorithm. It is to eliminate redundant overheads cause by topology handover to provide high performance and energy efficient for mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. Our radiation-based mechanism inspiration comes from you touch the crystal electric ball in future teller’s shop. Envision when you move your finger on the circumference of the crystal electric ball. This will cause the static electricity connection with your figure and the core of the magic ball. When you finger move around the ball, this static electricity will follow the location of your finger. This phenomenon similar as the mobile sinks move around the area of the sensor networks. This attracts peripheral sensor nodes’ forward its data toward to mobile sink. When mobile sink moves away from the area, these sensor nodes can go to standby until mobile sink approach. In addition, we use the conception in the hierarchical sensor networks have the power node, called cluster heads (CHs) [1] [2] [3] which responsible to aggregate data from its vicinity sensor nodes. This cluster heads are responding to data aggregation in its region and transmit the aggregated data to mobile sinks. Due to mobile sink change its location all the time, the connection between mobile sink and vicinity cluster heads will be reset. Therefore, dynamic topology control and efficient routing mechanism is necessary for mobile sinks to support reliable communication in MSWSN. In this work, we first organized the regional radiation topology mechanism to form a random deployed network. Second, we use regional radiation data dissemination mechanism to provide efficient connection between mobile sinks and sensor networks. Our design criteria as describe as follow: Reliable communication: The protocol should be designed to achieve high data reliability in the presence of network dynamics. Energy-efficiency: Given data update demands, the protocol should be able to satisfy them with lower energy dissipation and ultimately extend the network lifetime. Scalability: The protocol should be scalable to both the number of data sources and the data sink populations, and allow the diversity of user requests in terms of desired update rates and service durations. ISBN: 1-9025-6016-7 © 2007 PGNet