International Journal of Poultry Science 14 (9): 529-532, 2015
ISSN 1682-8356
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2015
Corresponding Author: Dyah Lestari Yulianti, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Kanjuruhan University, S. Supriyadi No. 48 Street, Malang
City, East Java, 65148, Indonesia
529
Effect of Andrographis paniculata a Phytobiotic on Consumption,
Feed Conversion and Mojosari Duck Egg Production
Dyah Lestari Yulianti , Pratiwi Trisunuwati , Osfar Sjofjan and Eko Widodo
1 2 2 2
Animal Husbandry Faculty, Kanjuruhan University,
1
S. Supriyadi No. 48 Street, Malang City, East Java, 65148, Indonesia
Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang,
2
Veteran No. 48 Street, Malang City, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf powder as
a phytobiotic on feed consumption, feed conversion and egg production of the Mojosari duck (Mojosari anas
plathryncos). One-hundred 24-month-old Mojosari ducks were given basal feed with different concentrations
of Andrographis paniculata leaf powder as a feed additive. Experiments were arranged with a completely
random design, with five leaf powder concentrations, each replicated four times; A. paniculata leaf powder
was added to rations in the following concentrations: 0% (P0), 0.2% (P1), 0.4% (P2), 0.6% (P3) and 0.8% (P4).
Data was analyzed using analysis variants and if there was a difference between treatments, those data
were further subjected to a least significant difference test; variables included feed consumption, daily egg
production and feed conversion. Results showed that A. paniculata leaf powder significantly affected (p<0.05)
feed conversion and egg production of Mojosari ducks. However, A. paniculata leaf powder had no significant
effect (p>0.05) on feed consumption. Average feed consumption per treatment (P0, P1, P2, P3, or P4) was
136.77, 137.82, 135.8, 139.47 and 138.97 g/bird/d, respectively. Average feed conversion values were 9.35
(P0), 5.92 (P1), 4.93 (P2), 7.01 (P3) and 13.50 (P4) and average egg production percentage per treatment was
23.18% for P0, 33.73% for P1, 42.22% for P2, 28.25% for P3 and 14.61% for P4. It was concluded that 0.4% A.
paniculata leaf powder was optimal for its phytobiotic actions on Mojosari ducks.
Key words: Andrographis paniculata leaf powder, phytobiotics, Mojosari duck (Mojosari anas plathryncos)
INTRODUCTION
Ducks play an important role in supporting the
availability of cheap animal protein sources that are easy
to obtain. Thus, duck farming as an alternative source of
income has surged in both rural and peri-urban
communities. In fact, duck eggs constituted more than
180,000 tons (16%) of the national egg production in
Indonesia in 2005. Moreover, duck meat made up
38,700 tons (3%) of the national production of poultry
meat or about 2% of national meat production in
Indonesia. Generally, ducks traditionally rising with the
breed quality are not selected, irregular supply of feed
and grazing from one place to another. Mojosari duck
(Mojosari anas plathryncos) egg production rates are still
relatively low at between 100-150 eggs/year compared
with intensively reared ducks (Ketaren, 2007).
Mojosari duck germplasm has the potential contribution
greatly to available sources of animal protein for the
people of Indonesia. This local indigenous duck is found
in the Mojokerto District in East Java (Indonesia).
Production of this duck is higher than that of Tegal
ducks. Thus, Mojosari ducks have the potential to be
developed as a commercial egg laying duck in both
traditional and intensive rearing. The body of these
ducks is relatively smaller than other egg laying ducks,
but their eggs are quite large, tasty and popular with
Indonesian consumers. Interestingly, ducks are more
resistant to diseases and parasites than other fowl
types, allowing the concentration of drugs and other
additives in duck feed to be lower than that for chickens
and turkeys. But the development of drugs added to feed
ducks in order to prevent the outbreak of diseases, such
as colibacillosis, fowl cholera, salmonellosis and
necrotic enteritis (JETACAR, 1999).
Since the 1970s, when farms began to grow in
Indonesia, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters
and to improve feed efficiency emerged. However, a
problem that has arisen from these practices in livestock
has been shown to indirectly impact human health
(Soeharsono et al., 2010). As a result, European
countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth
promoters in animal feed and have started to invite all
producers and breeders around the world to use
alternative materials. Phytogenic medicinal plants
represent natural antibiotic alternatives that have been
gaining attention from the public and researchers alike.
Phytogenic additives, plant extracts, essential oils,
prebiotics and probiotics have been widely studied as a