Flexural Strength Characteristics of Ternary
Concrete Reinforced with Sisal Fibre
Patrick Oguguo Nwankwo
1
Mathew Aho
2
& Joseph Danjuma Goh
3
1&3
Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos,
Jos, P.M.B 2084 Plateau State Nigeria
2
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Agriculture,
Makurdi, P.M.B 2373 Benue State Nigeria
International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture & Design
Volume 2, Issue 4, October-December, 2014, pp. 01-09
ISSN Online:2347-2855, Print:2347-8284, DOA : 03112014
© IASTER 2014, www.iaster.com
ABSTRACT
This experimental study investigates the flexural strength characteristics of ternary concrete blended
with two pozzolanas (fly ash (FA) and calcined waste crushed clay bricks (CWCCB)), and ordinary
Portland cement (OPC). In this study, five different mix ratios of concrete and ternary concrete
specimens were prepared and cast in 100mmx100mmx500mm mould comprising: (1) Plain concrete
of 1:2:4 mix ratio as control specimens (i.e. one part of cement as binder, two parts of river sand as
fine aggregates and four parts of 19mm crushed granite as coarse aggregate), (2) Concrete
specimens of 1:2:4 mix ratio, reinforced with 3% volume fraction of 40mm average length sisal fibre,
(3) Ternary concrete specimens of 1:2:4 mix ratio with binders consisting of 50% (OPC) + 20% (FA)
+ 30% (CWCCB), (4) Ternary concrete specimens of 1:2:4 mix ratio with binders consisting of 50%
(OPC) + 25% (FA) + 25% (CWCCB), and (5) Ternary concrete specimens of 1:2:4 mix ratio with
binders consisting of 50% (OPC) + 30% (FA) + 20% (CWCCB). Water/binder ratio was kept
constant at 0.6. All ternary concrete specimens were reinforced with 3% volume fraction of 40mm
average length locally sourced sisal fibre. The beam specimens were cured and tested at 28 and 90
days curing age. With the incorporation of 3% volume fraction of sisal fibre, flexural strength
decreased from 5.3N/mm
2
to 2.3N/mm
2
at 28 days curing age. Flexural strength was greatly reduced
with blending of matrix with the two pozzolanas. The ternary concrete specimens containing 30% FA
+ 20% CWCCB gave the highest flexural strength among all ternary mixtures.
Keywords: Flexural Strength, Sisal Fibre, Ternary Concrete, Fly Ash, Calcined Waste Crushed Clay
Bricks.
1. INTRODUCTION
The utilization of vegetable fibres and other naturally occurring fibres to toughen building products
such as bricks and poultry can be traced back to many centuries. Since then, mankind has been
strongly dependent on vegetable fibres for all other kind of purposes. However the engineering
principles in the use of vegetable fibres for reinforcement of brittle matrices such as concrete, only
came to fore in the last forty years. The application of concrete in the field of structural engineering
often involves a technique of reinforcing with other materials so as to compliment its undesirable low
tensile capacity. Plain concrete is weak in tension, and the limiting tensile force is carried between
cracks. When fibres are added to the plain concrete, the tensile capacity is increased through the
transfer of tensile forces at the cracks by fibre interferences. A wide variety of fibres have been used