Impact Factor: ISRA (India) = 3.117 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500 SIS (USA) = 0.912 РИНЦ (Russia) = 0.156 ESJI (KZ) = 8.716 SJIF (Morocco) = 5.667 ICV (Poland) = 6.630 PIF (India) = 1.940 IBI (India) = 4.260 OAJI (USA) = 0.350 Philadelphia, USA 53 QR – Issue QR – Article SOI: 1.1/TAS DOI: 10.15863/TAS International Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science p-ISSN: 2308-4944 (print) e-ISSN: 2409-0085 (online) Year: 2019 Issue: 07 Volume: 75 Published: 08.07.2019 http://T-Science.org Sanobar Shadmanova Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher Muzaffarkhon Fayzullayevich Joniyev International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan Basic researcher of the scientific degree of PhD jmuzaffarhan@gmail.com HAJJ: THE WAYS OF PILGRIMAGE OF MUSLIMS OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES Abstract: The article outlined three routes of departure for the Hajj of Turkestan Muslims in the late 19th - early 20th centuries: the overland route through Iran, the southern route through Afghanistan, India and the Indian Ocean and the northern route through Istanbul, as well, especially the directions, as well as the policy of the Russian Empire associated with the Hajj pilgrimage of the population of Turkestan. Key words: Hajj, Hijaz, Turkistan, Bukhara, Istanbul, Russian Empire, Odessa. Language: English Citation: Shadmanova, S., & Joniyev, M. F. (2019). Hajj: the ways of pilgrimage of Muslims of Central Asia in the late XIX - early XX centuries. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 07 (75), 53-59. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-07-75-11 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2019.07.75.11 Classifiers: Geography. History. Oceanology. Meteorology. Introduction Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca as one of the five pillars of the religion of Islam, is obligatory for a Muslim only if he has material and physical abilities and in the absence of any obstacles. Central Asian Muslims made pilgrimages for many centuries. At the turn of the twentieth century, the process of making pilgrimages by Central Asian Muslims to Mecca and Medina was very difficult and for the implementation of this rite they had to go a long, sometimes dangerous to life and very difficult path. For the commission of the pilgrimage ceremony, the Muslims of Central Asia had their own routes to Mecca through Afghanistan and India. However, after the conquest of Turkestan by Russia, the tsarist government faced the task of controlling the movement of the Muslim population, since on the one hand it did not want political influence on the Muslims of Turkestan, and on the other hand did not want to lose revenues from Muslim travel on the Hajj. Indeed, it was only due to the non-collection of fees when issuing foreign passports that the state treasury of the Russian Empire suffered great damage. Solving this problem, the tsarist government tried to streamline and take control of the process of making pilgrimages and stop the drain of money spent by Muslims on the Hajj. Materials and Methods In addition, pilgrimages to Muslim holy places from the point of view of the tsarist government had other influences on the situation in Turkestan. Speaking about the political influence of the pilgrimage, I would like to say that there were different points of view on the pilgrimage and its influence on the Muslim population. We can cite as an example the statements of the Dutch Arabic scholar and traveler Snook Hurgronje, who lived in Mecca under the guise of a Muslim sheikh, who in his work on Mecca [11:89] noted that Haji was a flammable element, for their part, they were contrary to the interests christian government. Developing his thought, the author of this work explained that the pilgrims received two strong impressions, namely, that Mecca was a religious, and Constantinople was the political centers of the world.