Department of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Student, 3rd Year MBBS, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Student, 4th Year MBBS, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan Student, BS Microbiology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan Student, 3rd Year MBBS, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Shehreen Sohail, Hamza Rana, Umar Hassan, Freeha Sohail, Mukarram Farooq, Minaam Farooq 4 1 The coronavirus disease emerged at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, China, and ultimately resulted in pandemic. It is a single positive-sense RNA virus spreading from person to person through contact in any form. Bats are the natural hosts of the SARS- CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 has the largest genome as compared to all RNA virus present so far. Spike proteins are responsible for their entrance into the human body. Social distancing and quarantine resulted in the best possible prevention for the less transmission of coronavirus. We performed a narrative review to describe its origin, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, social implications, future possibilities, treatment, and vaccination. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Transmission, Disease Outbreaks, Virus Replication, Genome, Quarantine INTRODUCTION Wuhan, a city in Hubei Province of China, often referred to as the “Chicago of China” was the ground zero for Novel Coronavirus, whose index patient became symptomatic on December 1, 2019.(1) On 13th January 2020, 1st case was reported outside China, in Thailand.[1] Coronavirus is a member of the Coronaviridae family which has 124 other viruses. It is an RNA positive, enveloped with glycoprotein spikes emerging from it, giving a king’s crown or halo shape, thus, named corona. Previously, coronaviruses were mainly involved in causing various respiratory and intestinal diseases among domestic animals and birds. Out of the Coronaviridae, 6 types were the culprit of human diseases, both minor and major. 4 out of those six causes of common cold, and the other 2 were involved in causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). In a recent publication, it is stated that coronaviruses have the broadest and longest genetic material with a length range of 26 to 136 32 KB.[2] Along with transcription for the major structural protein, a large portion of the genome is also transcribed and translated to polypeptides important for gene expression and viral multiplication. Over the past years, multiple types of research and experiments were conducted to get a better understanding of the molecular root of viral replication, virulence, and its adaptations to develop medicines and vaccines for therapeutic purposes and get a better grip on its diagnostics and evaluation procedures. Bats are the natural hosts of the SARS- CoV-2 virus. The infection began to spread to other humans via airborne respiratory droplets mainly in hospitals and clinics near the seafood market especially in those people who stayed for a long while at that place. It is a β- coronavirus that is enveloped, non- segmented positive ssRNA virus. Coronavirus is categorized into 4 genera, α−/β−/γ−/δ-COV. Alpha and beta infect mammals whereas gamma and delta tend to affect birds. Previously 6 COV’s have been identified to infect humans. Alpha-CoV HCoV-229E and HCOV Rapid transmission of SARS-2 among Individuals – A Mini Review Review Article Nov 2020 - Jan 2021 | Vol 1 No 4 | e300 | I Pakistan Journal of Surgery & Medicine CORRESPONDING AUTHOR © Author(s) (or their employer(s) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. No commercial re-use. Published by Pak J Surg Med. Submission: Oct 12, 2020 Acceptance: Mar 07, 2021 Publication: Mar 10, 2021 Shehreen Sohail, Department of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Avenue 1, Khayaban-e-Jinnah، Road، Johar Town, Lahore, Punjab Lahore, Pakistan. Author Email: shehreen.baig19@gmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 5239-8717 Twitter: @shehreen_sohail doi: 10.37978/pjsm.v1i4.300 -NL 63 and Beta COV HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 have low pathogenicity and bring about slight respiratory symptoms same as the common cold. The other two beta CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV lead to severe and potentially fatal respiratory tract infections. The bat COV genome (RaTG13) is 96.2% identical to SARS-CoV-2 and 79.5% to SARS-CoV-2. The genome sequencing results and analysis suspected that bat has been a natural host origin for the virus.[3, 4] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2) is used by the SARS-CoV-2 because it has the same receptor as SARS- CoV-2 to infect the human.[5] ABSTRACT 3 5 2 3