THE JOURNAL OF ASIA TEFL
Vol. 16, No. 3, Fall 2019, 1005-1012
http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2019.16.3.17.1005
1005
The Journal of Asia TEFL
http://journal.asiatefl.org/
e-ISSN 2466-1511 © 2004 AsiaTEFL.org. All rights reserved.
Four-Factor Analysis of L2 Writers’ Emotional Experiences in the
Various Stages of Research Writing in English
Ma. Joahna Mante-Estacio
De La Salle University-Manila, Philippines
Jerome A. Ouano
De La Salle University-Manila, Philippines
Edna S. Miraflores
De La Salle University-Manila, Philippines
Introduction
Academic Emotions
In the classroom, learners are subject to what Goetz, Zirogibl, Pekrun, and Hall (2003) call “academic
emotions” (p. 11). These academic emotions are also dependent on the nature of the tasks that need to be
completed, whether the task is enjoyable or not, and on the expected task outcome, getting a good grade
or not (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002a, cited in Goetz et al., 2003).
According to Goetz et al. (2003) academic emotions may also have a social or individual nature. The
social nature of emotions is evident when learners feel that they are competing with other learners, while
the individual nature is seen when learners feel disappointed about not meeting their personal goals. With
the long hours spent by students attending classes and doing several activities, it can be said that
academic emotions pervade the classroom (Pekrun & Stephens, 2010).
Emotions can affect how learners absorb learning tasks and if these emotions, particularly the negative
ones, are not managed appropriately or completely neglected, they could create anxiety towards learners’
school work (Dobson & Dobson, 1981, cited in Thayamani, Fathima, & Mohan, 2013). Students who
may be experiencing emotional distress could feel helpless in handling their academic requirements. On
the other hand, students who are generally feeling good about their life or simply enjoying a sense of
well-being about themselves may handle their school work positivity and with confidence. How a learner
feels will most likely influence how he/she thinks (Lawson, 2002), and could even determine if he/she
continues or ends the learning process (Mendez Lopez, 2012).
The feelings and emotions engendered in educational contexts are said to be a result of the evaluations
learners make of particular situations while learning (Pekrun, 2000, cited in Mendez Lopez, 2011). These
evaluations are influenced by previous experiences, the social context, and learners’ personal goals
(Pekrun et al., 2002, cited in Goetz et al., 2003; Sansone & Thoman, 2005). Also, negative emotions of