Indexical meanings of [s 1] among Copenhagen youth: Social
perception of a phonetic variant in different prosodic contexts
NICOLAI PHARAO
LANCHART and Department of Scandinavian Studies and Linguistics
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
nicolaip@hum.ku.dk
MARIE MAEGAARD
LANCHART and Department of Scandinavian Research
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
mamae@hum.ku.dk
JANUS SPINDLER MØLLER
LANCHART, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
janus@hum.ku.dk
TORE KRISTIANSEN
LANCHART and Department of Scandinavian Research
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
tk@hum.ku.dk
ABSTRACT
It is well documented that the same sociolinguistic feature can be used as a
sociolinguistic resource with different indexical potentials in different lin-
guistic as well as social contexts. Often, however, indexical meanings of a
specific feature are related to or derived from one another. In this article we
present the results of a perceptual study of indexical meanings of alveolar
versus fronted (s)—[s] versus [s þ]—in different registers. The data consist
of responses to male speakers’ use of [s] and [s þ] respectively, in two differ-
ent registers that may be labelled “modern Copenhagen speech” and “street
language.” Results show that the [s þ] indexes femininity and gayness
when it occurs in “modern Copenhagen,” whereas the (s)-variation has a
different and less significant effect when occurring in “street language.”
We discuss the implications for theories of indexical fields and the relation
between features and clusters of features in speakers’ perceptions. (Indexical
meaning, phonetic variation, fronted /s/, perception of sexual orientation and
ethnicity, matched guise technique).
© Cambridge University Press, 2014 0047-4045/14 $15.00 1
Language in Society 43,1–31.
doi:10.1017/S0047404513000857