Modern Economy, 2015, 4, 209-213
http://dx.doi.org/10.4436/me.2013.43A435 Published Online March 2015 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/me)
Changes in the global economy after the Internet
revolution
Nawar Al-Saadi
University of Bucharest
Email: dr.nawar30@gmail.com
Received December 30, 2014; revised January 30, 2015; accepted February 19, 2015
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the impact of internet on economic growth and this impact during the recession. The data are
drawn from World Bank in a panel of 201 countries from 1988 to 2010. Results from an OLS model reveal that a 10
percentage point increase in internet penetration rate raises real GDP per capita by 0.57 to 0.63 percentage points. Dur-
ing the recession relative to expansion, the coefficient of internet reduces but it still remains statistically positive. This
suggests that internet provides a way to solve the problem of economic recession. Our results are robust to the inclusion
of time and country fixed effects.
Keywords: Internet; Economic Growth; Recession
1. Introduction
In macroeconomics, the recession refers to the period of
stagnation or negative growth in an economy’s gross
domestic product (GDP). In order to get rid of the reces-
sion, many economists suggest policies of stimulating
aggregate demand following Keynes’s macroeconomics
theory or some other monetary policies. However, in ad-
dition to these policies, internet may play a useful role in
leading the growth of economy or productivity which is
evident in the literature but rarely studied on the topic of
recession. Accordingly, this paper investigates the rela-
tionship between internet and economic growth and fur-
ther examines it, especially during the recession. Our
examination suggests that internet provides stimulus to
economic growth and hence solves the problem of eco-
nomic recession.
This paper uses data from World Bank in a panel of
201 countries from 1998 to 2010 with 1226 observations.
Following Czernich et al., (2011) [1], a macroeconomic
production function with constant returns to scale is built
up. In addition to traditional inputs, we add internet pene-
tration rate and an interaction term between it and a re-
cession dummy. These added variables enable us to ex-
amine the impact of internet on economic growth as well
as the impact during the recession. We also create mod-
els specific to economy expansion as well as to economy
recession. The remainder of this article is organized as
follows. Section 2 reviews related literature on internet
and economic growth. Section 3 introduces theoretical
and empirical framework and explains data and variables.
Section 4 summarizes empirical results. Section 5 con-
cludes and proposes suggestions.
2. Literature on Internet and
Economic Growth
Internet positively impacts the economy since it spreads
information, stimulates innovation, builds up network,
fosters business, deepens capital, improves labor market,
strengthens market competition, and helps firms to profit
from emerging markets. Therefore, internet may help to
fight against economic downturn. We review the litera-
ture mentioning the causality between internet and eco-
nomic growth as follows.
Internet facilitates access to information and reduces
search costs. Firms adopting internet are able to commu-
nicate better, faster and at lower costs. This reduces in-ternal
as well as external transaction costs and thus low-ers
production costs and enhances productivity and gen-erates
economic growth (Harris, 1998) [2]. Spread or spill-over of
knowledge across firms, regions, and countries provides a
channel by which information technology in general results
in significant productivity growth. This is because that the
development of information technolo-gies fundamentally
improves the processing of informa-tion and hence
promotes economic growth. Internet can be regarded as one
of the information technologies and a truly general purpose
technology (GPT) which is defined as technologies
characterized by pervasiveness, inherent potential for
technical improvements, and innovation com-plementarities.
GPT can lead to externalities as knowl-edge spillovers
(Bresnahan and Trajtenberg, 1995) [3]. In this respect,
internet facilitates the spatial distribution of large batches of
information that previously had to be collocated (Bloom et
al., 2011) [4]. It also fosters cheaper information
dissemination which enhances the adoption
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