Introduction
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a challenging
disorder of intracranial hypertension in the absence of an
intracranial mass, hydrocephalus, or other identifiable
cause. The incidence is approximately 0.9/100.000/year
rising to 13/100.000/year in overweight women between
20 and 44 years of age. Less frequently, it is seen in children
and overweight men.
1-5
Due to increasing prevalence of
the obesity over the last years, IIH has been also on the
rise. This increase is widely seen in our country, even
though there still has not been painstaking information
and research over the issue.
The symptoms usually progress in a few weeks to
months, though fulminant cases have also been reported.
IIH has a variable course ranging from a short benign
self-limiting syndrome to more aggressive syndromes
that proceed to blindness in a short period of time.
5-7
The
characteristic features of IIH include headache, visual
loss, which can be irreversible if not treated promptly.
8,9
Visual loss can occur anytime along the course of the
disease but is often insidious as central vision is spared
until late in the course of the illness. Some degrees of
visual impairment are detected in up to 90% of patients
by perimetry at the time of diagnosis, however only
about one third complain from the vision loss.
6,10,11
As
long as severe and prolonged papilledema causes retinal
breakdown or macular impairment, the visual acuity will
be preserved.
6,12-14
According to significant role of vision system
concerned to environment and possibility of irreversible
complication if not treated and subsequent burden on
society and health system, the early diagnosis and proper
treatment is in paramount of importance.
Until now, little research has been conducted on
relationship of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and
visual field defect and the results are controversial. In the
study of Baheti et al there was not a dramatic difference
between CSF pressure in patients with either normal or
subtle visual impairment or severe visual impairment.
5
In contrast, Saindane et al in their study revealed that, in
patients with severe visual impairment, the CSF pressure
was higher whether in the form of reduced visual acuity
Relationship of Opening CSF Pressure and
Visual Field Defect in Idiopathic Intracranial
Hypertension
Sepideh Paybast, Farhad Assarzadegan, Behnam Safarpoor Lima, Mohsen Koosha*
Department of Neurology, Imam-Hossein Hospital, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is an increased intracranial pressure with
normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristic in the absence of identifiable causes. The most
important complication of this disorder is visual impairment. So far, no comprehensive study has
been done on the relationship between the opening CSF pressure and visual field defect in IIH.
Methods: In this study, 35 patients with increased intracranial pressure who fulfilled modified
Dandy’s criteria underwent ophthalmologic examination and lumbar puncture. The opening CSF
pressure was categorized into mild (25-30), moderate (30-40) and severe (>40). The degree of visual
field defect was reported both quantitatively and qualitatively. Eventually, the statistical relationship
was established among these variables.
Results: The mean opening CSF pressure was 33.71 CmH2o. Twelve patients had minor CSF pressure,
whereas in 14 and 9 patients the CSF pressure was respectively moderate and severe. There was
not statistically significant relationship between the visual field defect and CSF pressure. The most
common patterns of visual field involvement were enlarged blind spot and peripheral restriction.
Conclusion: The most important morbidity in IIH is visual impairment. According to the findings, the
visual field impairment is not pertinent to CSF pressure. In other words, neither high CSF pressure
predicts intense visual defect, nor low CSF pressure indicates minimal visual impairment.
Keywords: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH); Perimetry; Visual field; CSF pressure
*Correspondence to
Mohsen Koosha, MD,
Department of Neurology,
Imam-Hossein Hospital,
Shahid-Beheshti University of
Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Email:
mohsenkoosha63@gmail.com
Published online 19 June 2018
Int Clin Neurosci J. 2018 Spring;5(2):51-54 Original Article
International Clinical
Neuroscience Journal
Open Access
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© 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://
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work is properly cited.
doi:10.15171/icnj.2018.10
Citation: Paybast S, Assarzadegan F, Safarpoor Lima B, Koosha M. Relationship of opening CSF pressure and visual field defect in
idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Int Clin Neurosci J. 2018;5(2):51-54. doi:10.15171/icnj.2018.10.