Ways of Knowing 1 Running head: WAYS OF KNOWING Modern and Postmodern Ways of Knowing: Implicat ions for Therapy and Int egrat ion Louis Hoffman, Ph.D. Vanguard Universit y of Sout hern California Cost a Mesa, CA John Hoffman, Ph.D. Azusa Pacific Universit y Azusa, CA Brad Robison, Ph.D. Privat e Pract ice Scot t sdale, AZ Krist en Lawrence Vanguard Universit y of Sout hern California Cost a Mesa, CA www.cospp.edu