Introduction Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare disorder first reported by Wagenvoort et al. [1] in 1978. It is characterized by widespread capillary proliferation in the lung, infiltrating the interstitium and the alveolar walls [2]. Proposed aetiologies include adaptation to hypoxia, hamartoma and low-grade vascular neoplasia [3]. Most cases are sporadic, but familial occurrence has been documented [4]. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of the radiological features of PCH in a living infant. Case report A male infant was delivered by caesarean section at 31 weeks’ gestation for severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency. There was also an antenatal diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD). The family history included an older sibling born at 35 weeks with IUGR who has subsequently devel- oped normally. Both the proband’s weight (1,135 g) and head circumference (27.7 cm) at birth were below the 10th centile. The Apgar scores were 8 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min. Resuscitation was not required at delivery. He had mild hyaline membrane disease, which was treated with oxygen (maximum 40%) and nasal positive airway pressure from day 2 to day 5. By day 5, he was in room air and required no airway support. The infant remained well until day 18, when he developed respiratory distress, requiring oxygen. Increasing oxygen demand led to transfer to our tertiary hospital for investigation at 42 weeks’ corrected age. A chest radiograph on admission (Fig. 1) showed hyper- inflation and extensive bilateral interstitial opacities, compatible with chronic lung disease. ECHO confirmed a moderately large secundum ASD. After 9 days the patient was discharged to the hospital of origin, still on supplemental oxygen. Respiratory distress prompted readmission to our hospital at 4 months (2 months corrected age) for further Cicero J. T. A. Silva John Massie Simone A. Mandelstam Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis in a premature infant Received: 12 August 2004 Revised: 15 October 2004 Accepted: 21 October 2004 Published online: 16 February 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Pulmonary capillary hae- mangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare dis- order characterized by widespread capillary proliferation in the lung, infiltrating the interstitium and the alveolar walls. We present the HRCT features of PCH in a surviv- ing ex-premature infant. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of the radiological features of PCH in a young living infant. Keywords Lung Æ Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis Æ Infant Æ Radiography Æ CT Pediatr Radiol (2005) 35: 635–640 DOI 10.1007/s00247-004-1374-6 CASE REPORT C. J. T. A. Silva (&) Æ J. Massie S. A. Mandelstam Royal Children’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia E-mail: dr_torres@ig.com.br Tel.: +61-3-93455255 Fax: +61-3-93455286