Auld Lang Syne : Success Predictors, Change Processes,
and Self-Reported Outcomes of New Year’s
Resolvers and Nonresolvers
John C. Norcross, Marci S. Mrykalo,
and Matthew D. Blagys
University of Scranton
New Year’s resolvers (n = 159) and comparable nonresolvers interested in
changing a problem later ( n = 123) were followed for six months via
telephone interviews to determine their self-reported outcomes, predic-
tors of success, and change processes. The two groups did not differ in
terms of demographic characteristics, problem histories, or behavioral goals
(weight loss, exercise program, and smoking cessation being the most
prevalent). Resolvers reported higher rates of success than nonresolvers;
at six months, 46% of the resolvers were continuously successful com-
pared to 4% of the nonresolvers. Self-efficacy, skills to change, and readi-
ness to change assessed before January 1 all predicted positive outcome
for resolvers. Once into the new year, successful resolvers employed more
cognitive–behavioral processes but fewer awareness-generating and
emotion-enhancing processes than nonsuccessful resolvers. Discussion
centers on the research and intervention opportunities afforded by the
annual tradition of resolutions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psy-
chol 58: 397–405, 2002.
Keywords: New Year; resolutions; self-change; transtheoretical model; weight
loss; smoking cessation; self-help
The advent of each new calendar year constitutes a psychologically and culturally sanc-
tioned opportunity for self-initiated change of problematic behaviors. Indeed, approxi-
mately 40 to 50% of American adults participate in the annual tradition of making
New Year’s resolutions (American Medical Association, 1995; Epcot Poll, 1985; Gallup
An earlier version of this article was presented at the 68th annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Asso-
ciation, Washington, DC. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Mireika Kobayashi for assistance with the
data analysis and the 282 residents of northeast Pennsylvania who participated in this study.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: John C. Norcross, Department of Psychology,
University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510-4596; e-mail: norcross@uofs.edu.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Vol. 58(4), 397–405 (2002) © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jclp.1151