422
Attachment and Information Seeking
in Romantic Relationships
W. Steven Rholes
Texas A&M University
Jeffry A. Simpson
Sisi Tran
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus
A. McLeish Martin III
Mike Friedman
Texas A&M University
motivate coherent patterns of thought, affect, and behav-
ior in relationships with attachment figures outside of the
nuclear family. Working models, therefore, constitute the
bridge between early experiences with attachment figures
and adult attachment orientations and relationships.
Among their several functions, working models guide
the processing of information about relationships. A
review by Collins, Guichard, Ford, and Feeney (2004)
suggests that information tends to be interpreted in
ways consistent with the content of attachment ori-
entations and their underlying working models. It also
shows that individuals who have different attachment
orientations remember and selectively attend to infor-
mation differently. Of these three forms of information
processing, selective attention has received the least
attention. With the studies reported in this research, we
begin to fill this gap in the literature.
Selective attention is important to attachment theory
for two major reasons. First, the development of adult
relationships may be partially governed by the extent to
which adults selectively notice or seek out information
that is consistent with either their insecure, pessimistic
Authors’ Note: The first two authors contributed equally to this
research. This project was supported by Grant MH49599 from the
National Institute of Mental Health.
PSPB, Vol. 33 No. 3, March 2007 422-438
DOI: 10.1177/0146167206296302
© 2007 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
Testing predictions derived from attachment theory, this
research investigated how adult attachment orientations
are associated with selective exposure to information
about the self, one’s partner, and one’s relationship. The
results of two studies revealed that (a) more avoidantly
attached individuals have limited interest in knowing
their partner’s intimate thoughts and feelings, (b) more
anxiously attached individuals selectively prefer infor-
mation on intimate topics pertaining to their partner and
relationship and focus on information that highlights
their own as well as their partner’s shortcomings, and (c)
regardless of attachment orientation, individuals express
interest in learning about the negative relationship
behaviors and characteristics of their insecurely attached
partners. These findings suggest that selective informa-
tion seeking may have important effects on relationships
and may help explain how attachment orientations
affect important relationship outcomes.
Keywords: attachment; selective attention; close relation-
ships; working models; self
A
ccording to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973,
1980), mental representations or “internal working
models” of close relationships develop gradually from
infancy through adolescence, largely in response to expe-
riences with attachment figures. With time, these models
become increasingly stable and generalized and eventually
© 2007 Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution.
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