The Simulation and Design for Analysis of Photovoltaic System Based on MATLAB Ram Krishan Electrical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.) India e-mail: ramkrishan6388@gmail.com Yog Raj Sood Professor, Electrical Engineering Department National institute Of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.) India e-mail: yrsood@gmail.com B.Uday Kumar Electrical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Hamirpur (H.P.) India e-mail: uk.bandaru@gmail.com Abstract—This paper proposes a generalized model of the photovoltaic cell in Matlab-Simulink. This proposed model is based on basic mathematical equation of solar photovoltaic cell. The PV modules have non-linear output characteristics. The output I-V and P-V characteristics of photovoltaic cell are depend on sunlight irradiance and cell temperature. The model can be used to extract the physical parameters for a given solar PV cell as a function of temperature and solar radiation. There are number of models available in literature using different software platforms. This simulation modal is very simple and user friendly. The simulation results under MATLAB- SIMULINK shows performance and dynamic behavior of the given photovoltaic module. Keywords—Photovoltaic array; Distributed generation; Matlab-Simulink; Solar energy. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the average rate of world primary power consumption has increased to about 78.47 Btu (AEO 2012). Additionally, the environmental impacts on usage of the conventional sources have been disintegrative with the environmental issues such as pollution, global warming, excessive greenhouse effect etc. Because of these problems and our declining supply of petroleum, finding sustainable alternatives is becoming more and more urgent. Perhaps, the greatest challenge is in devising a sustainable future, which relies on integration and control of renewable energy sources in grid distributed generation. Generation of power locally at distribution voltage level by using non-conventional (or) renewable energy sources like, solar photo voltaic cells, wind power, biogas, and fuel cell is known as distributed generation (DG). Among renewable energy solar energy is a vast and ultimate source of energy. If used in appropriate way, it has a capacity to achieve numerous energy needs of the world. The power from the sun captured by earth is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ)[1].This data, being thousands of time larger than the present consumption rate empowers more and more research in the field of solar energy so that the present and future energy needs of the world can be achieved. Thus Even though the PV system has high capital fabrication cost and low conversion efficiency, the rise steeply oil prices make solar energy naturally viable energy supply with potentially long-term benefits. PV module represents the fundamental power conversion unit of a PV generator system. The solar insolation, the module temperature and output voltage of PV module are the main variables on which the output characteristics of PV module depends. Since PV module has nonlinear characteristics, it is essential to model it for the design and simulation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV system applications. The mathematical PV models used in simulation have been built for over the past four decades [2]-[3]. Almost all well-developed PV models describe the v-i and p-v characteristics mainly affected by the solar insolation, module temperature, and load voltage. However, the equivalent circuit models of PV cell are implemented on simulation platforms of power electronics, such as SPICE. Presently, a number of powerful component- based electronics simulation software package have become popular in the design and development of power electronics applications. However, the Matlab-Simulink package offers wind turbine models but no PV model to integrate with current electronics simulation technology. Thus, it is difficult to simulate and study the generic modeling of PV power system. So there need to develop a generalized simulation model for PV cell, module and array in Matlab-Simulink environment. This proposed generic model which will plot P-V as well as V- I curve for any type of material and different diode ideality factor. That’s why this model can be called as generalized model for plotting curves for photovoltaic system. II. PHOTOVOLTAIC MODEL A. Basics of PV Module Basically photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor diode whose junction is exposed to light. P-N junction of the photovoltaic cell is made of several types of semiconductor materials using different manufacturing techniques to reduce the cost and optimize efficiency. The solar cell consist of a Boron doped P type substrate to which Phosphorous atoms are added using high temperature diffusion method in order to form the P-N 978-1-4673-6150-7/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE 647