© 2018 Semarang State University  Corresponding author: Departement of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Gedong Meneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia E-mail: muhammad.hanif@eng.unila.ac.id ISSN 2303-0623 e-ISSN 2407-2370 Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan http://journal .unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jbat Extraction and Characterization of Coffee Oil From Instant-Coffee Waste Muhammad Hanif  , Fahmi Alif Utama Harahap, Heru, Yuli Darni, Simparmin Br. Ginting DOI 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.18619 Departement of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Gedong Meneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia Article Info Abstract Article history: Received April 2019 Accepted June 2019 Published June 2019 The higher demands of fossil energy usage are currently imbalance to its reserves. This issue will give a potency of fossil fuel scarcity that contributes on rising of its cost and disturbing economic stabilization in the future. It is desirable to find another resource which is sustainable and renewable to reduce the dependency on this resource. This study aimed to utilize the oil from instant coffee waste as biodiesel feedstocks. The coffee oil was extracted from instant-coffee waste by Soxhlet extractor and characterized its physical and chemical properties. The solvent extraction through the solid bed of coffee ground performed by five cycles interval using n-hexane as a solvent. Separation processing oil from its hydrocarbon solvent was in a rotary vacuum evaporator and the oil extract collected for further purposes. There was about 17.6% (on a dry weight basis) of coffee oil gained on 20 cycles of extraction. Analysis regarding its physicochemical properties reported that the crude oil has 0.89 g/mL of density, 43.82 mm 2 /s of kinematic viscosity, 44.47 mg KOH/g of acid value, and 176.40 mg KOH/g of saponification value. The fatty acids composition of the oil provided by GC- MS analyzer showed that unsaturated fatty acids contained, observed as trans-fatty acids rather than cis-fatty acids. Keywords : Biodiesel; Coffee oil; Instant-coffee waste; Robusta coffee; Soxhlet extraction INTRODUCTION The energy issue has been one of the crucial problems due to the human population raised, environmental impacts, and its reserves. As one of the primary energy resources, petroleum still plays a role as the most significant supply energy in many parts of the world. Including in Indonesia, as it was reported statistically by Indonesia Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource, in 2016, petroleum supplied to about 33.19% of energy needs in Indonesia (Figure 1). Since it is believed that crude oil is one of the unrenewable resources, its availability will gradually decline day by day. This argument is supported by the fact that in the last three years, the proven oil reserved in Indonesia is getting lower to about 3.17 billion barrels (2017) from 3.31 billion barrels (2016) and 3.60 billion barrels (2015) respectively (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2017). The highest consumption of energy in Indonesia derived from an industrial, household, and transportation sectors. Among the type of fuel oil, diesel likes automotive diesel oil (ADO), industrialized diesel oil (IDO), and biodiesel is one of the most fuel oil widely used. The utilization of petroleum diesel is still more reasonable and economical even though there is a limitation of its feedstock. However, due to energy scarcity problem in the future, efforts to reduce the use of petroleum energy sources is getting higher by increasing of biofuels application. The idea to apply biodiesel as petroleum diesel substitute has been made in the last decades by improving the research and development relates to its production. The synthesis of biodiesel can be done through transesterification of triacylglycerol (TAG)