*University of Bremen, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany (e-mail: c.cordes@uni-bremen.de). August 2019 A revised version of this discussion paper has been published in the Journal of Evolutionary Economics. Abstract Humans are an ecologically extremely successful species. Underlying this achievement is our evolved unique adaptation for culture. Moreover, humans’ cultural capacity initiated a process of gene-culture coevolution that lead to a plethora of behavioral and cognitive dispositions on which cultural adaptation to challenging environments via cultural evolution rests. These characteristics of human cognition are highly relevant to any discipline dealing with human behavior. This article presents these outcomes of human phylogeny and discusses this naturalistic perspective’s implications for (evolutionary) economics. Moreover, some fruitful applications of cultural evolution theory to the explanation of economic phenomena are provided. Keywords Economic theory development – Cultural evolution theory – Learning mechanisms – Human behavior in economic contexts JEL Classifications B41, D00, B52, A12 #1901 Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation The Promises of a Naturalistic Approach: How Cultural Evolution Theory Can Inform (Evolutionary) Economics Christian Cordes*