Research Article Extract of Sesbania grandiflora Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Diabetes Mellitus Ghanshyam Panigrahi, 1 Chhayakanta Panda, 1 and Arjun Patra 2 1 Department of Pharmacology, Royal College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha 760002, India 2 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India Correspondence should be addressed to Arjun Patra; drarjunpatra22@gmail.com Received 23 December 2015; Accepted 21 April 2016 Academic Editor: Albert Salehi Copyright © 2016 Ghanshyam Panigrahi et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Sesbania grandifora has been traditionally used as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antipyretic, and expectorant and in the management of various ailments. Materials and Methods. Te study evaluates the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Sesbania grandifora (MESG) in type 2 diabetic rats induced by low dose streptozotocine and high fat diet. Diabetic rats were given vehicle, MESG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), and the standard drug, metformin (10 mg/kg), for 28 days. During the experimental period, body weight, abdominal girth, food intake, fasting serum glucose, urine analyses were measured. Insulin tolerance test was carried out on 25th day of drug treatment period. Serum analyses for lipid profle and SGOT and SGPT and serums creatinine, urea, protein, SOD, and MDA were also carried out. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized, the liver and pancreas were immediately dissected out, and the ratio of pancreas to body weight and hepatic glycogen were calculated. Results. MESG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) induced signifcant reduction ( < 0.05) of raised blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and also restored other parameters to normal level. Conclusion. Terefore, it is concluded that MESG has potential antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic activities and alleviate insulin resistance conditions. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by altered glucose and lipid metabolism leading to persistent hyperglycemia. High fat diets and oxidative damage may con- tribute to the development of diabetes mellitus which is asso- ciated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, and fatty liver and is characterized by chronic polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weakness due to disturbance in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Te chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term micro- and macrovascular complications such as damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels [1, 2]. Te increasing availability of energy dense food and the sedentary lifestyle that is becoming prevalent in both frst-world and developing nations have led to a worldwide epidemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes currently aficts more than 220 million people worldwide and this will increase to about 552 million by 2030 [3–5] of which the developing countries contribute more to this increase. A number of plants are mentioned in ancient Indian liter- ature for the treatment of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions. One such drug is Sesbania grandifora (family Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), being used by some local tribal people, and is selected for the present study. Sesbania grandifora, also called Agati, is an open branching tree up to 15 m tall and 30 cm in diameter that commonly grows on dikes between rice paddies, along roadsides, and in back- yard vegetable gardens. S. grandifora native range through Tropical Asia including India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Philippines with possibly Indonesia as the centre of Hindawi Publishing Corporation Scientifica Volume 2016, Article ID 4083568, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4083568