INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT, 1994, 17(3), 447—467
Transitional Processes in Social Cognitive
Development: A Longitudinal Study
Marvin W. Berkowitz
Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
Monika Keller
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin,
Germany
f * h ~ ~ ~ h,, ~ C’.~. ,L.. ,.~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ aiiu
Feldman’s consolidationltransition model to substages and subcontents of
Selman’s stages of friendship reasoning in a six-year longitudinal study of 97
9- to 15-year-old children. It was hypothesised that individuals exhibiting
reasoning above their own modal stages would be more likely to experience
a developmental advance in modal reasoning, even when examined at the
level of substage and subcontent. This was confirmed; however, the amount
of variance in above mode reasoning was not related to development.
Finally, controversies in the prior literature were explained by methodo-
logical differences. It was concluded that the Piagetian processes underlying
the Snyder and Feldman model were supported.
INTRODUCTION
Two neglected aspects of cognitive stage development are (1) processes of
change in reasoning levels, and (2) microdevelopmental analysis. Processes
of cognitive level change have been considered theoretically (Piaget,
1967), but empirical studies are comparatively rare (Miller, 1981), prob-
ably because the issues are complex and difficult to test empirically, and
because many of the relevant issues require longitudinal data. What
research does exist tends to focus on forces external to cognition, such as
social influence, rather than on the more central internal forces, such as
cognitive disequilibrium (cf. Snyder & Feldman, 1977).
Stage development can be examined holistically (molar analysis) or at
the level of subcomponents (molecularly). Despite a recent trend that
Requests for reprints should be sent to Marvin W. Berkowitz, Department of Psychology,
Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA.
© 1994 The International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development