APPLICATION OF LOW-COST COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF (COTS)
PRODUCTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN-ROBOT
INTERACTIONS
Ottar L. Osen
Helge T. Kristiansen
Webjørn Rekdalsbakken
Department of Information and Communication Technology
Aalesund University College
N-6025 Aalesund, Norway
E-mail: oo@hials.no
KEYWORDS
Human-robot interaction, game technology, cell phone
interface, Wii Remote, iPhone.
ABSTRACT
In the effort of developing sensible ways for
interaction between humans and automated equipment
the use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products is
shown to be fruitful in the learning process. The
development in the field of consumer electronics has
lead to increasingly more elaborate facilities for
interaction with the human user. Modern cell phones
and game technology are typical representatives of this
trend. In this work such equipment has been explored in
the aim to achieve easy and natural interfaces between
humans and
INTRODUCTION
This document presents a work on human-robot
interaction and communication performed at Aalesund
University College (AUC) among lecturers and students
at the Bachelor of engineering program in Cybernetics.
The work is integrated in the main topics of the
program. A central part of this education is represented
by a broad use of student projects in close cooperation
with the scientific staff. The students get the means and
support to investigate commercially available
electronics and computer equipment related to
automatic systems and autonomous devices. AUC is
situated in one of Norway’s most vital industrial areas
with a strong cluster of ship builders, and a variety of
producers of all kinds of ship equipment. This situation
has resulted in a strong collaboration between AUC and
many of these companies. This cooperation has given
offspring to many new products for use onboard ships,
examples of which are 3DOF and 6DOF motion
stabilized platforms, heave-compensated winches, and
remotely controlled tracking systems for light sources
and cameras. Two of the companies with which AUC
has the closest contact, are Rolls Royce Marine Dept.
Inc. (RR) and Offshore Simulation Center AS (OSC).
These two companies maintain an extensive activity in
the development of ship simulators for a variety of
purposes, including high-speed craft simulators, and
simulators for anchor handling and crane and winch
operations. OSC is today an international supplier of the
most modern simulators. In this development AUC has
played an important role both in mathematical modeling
and in program construction (Rekdalsbakken 2006)
(Rekdalsbakken 2007). An important aspect of such
simulators is of course the human interface. It has to be
as realistic as possible, and at the same time not too
expensive. This is the background for the current work
on exploring COTS products as part of the human
interface towards the advanced operating equipment
onboard ships (Rekdalsbakken and Osen 2009). The
two main products explored in this context are the Wii
Remote controller from Nintendo and the iPhone from
Apple. The experiments have been performed on small-
scale models of remotely controlled vehicles and
include a total communication chain from the human
operator to sensors and actuators installed on the
vehicles. It is the intention that these experiments shall
give insight into new developments in the field of
human-robot interactions, which may lead to the
integration of said technologies into products that are
used in real user interfaces onboard ships.
INTERFACES
The Wii Remote Controller
The Wii Remote controller from Nintendo (2010)
was developed to give the player a new dimension of
interactivity with games. It may be said that it has
revolutionized the human feeling of being part of the
game context. The Wii Remote interface consists of
several parts; a 3-axis accelerometer, an infrared
camera, vibration function, and several buttons for input
signals. It communicates over a wireless connection
using the Bluetooth (Bluetooth 2010) protocol. The Wii
Remote is perhaps the best example of gadget that has
become a universal control tool with a wide range of
applications.
Proceedings 24th European Conference on Modelling and
Simulation ©ECMS Andrzej Bargiela, Sayed Azam Ali
David Crowley, Eugène J.H. Kerckhoffs (Editors)
ISBN: 978-0-9564944-0-5 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-1-2 (CD)