The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC ISSN: 2146-5193, September 2018 Special Edition, p.1138-1146 INSTRUCTORS' CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING IN A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN YEMEN Hanan Aldowah Center for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia; hanan_aldwoah@yahoo.com Samar Ghazal Center for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia; samar_ghzl@yahoo.com Irfan Umar Center for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia; irfan@usm.my ABSTRACT Public universities in developing countries are confronted with many challenges in implementing e- learning. Hence, this research aims to identify the major challenges faced by a public university in Yemen in establishing e-learning as a successful medium for their teaching and learning activities. This paper will discuss these challenges from the instructors’ perspectives. This quantitative study using survey approach by means of a questionnaire was used to examine the instructors' views about the challenges that they face in implementing e-learning in their university. The results revealed four main challenges faced by the instructors which hinder the successful implementation of e-learning in the university. These challenges are: individual challenges, course challenges, contextual challenges, and technological challenges. In specific, the instructors faced contextual challenges in terms of organizational and cultural aspects. In addition, technological challenges were found to play an important role in the implementation of e-learning. The study also found that instructors need to apply the appropriate pedagogical models to deliver their e-learning courses. Furthermore, the instructors are facing individual challenges in terms of the amount of time needed to deal with e-learning requirements and the need for financial support for both the instructors and students. The main contribution of this research is that it addresses the challenges that influence the successful implementation of e-learning in the public university sector in Yemen as this area of research lacks theoretical and empirical studies. Keywords: E-leaning, Challenges , University, Yemen INTRODUCTION In the last ten years, the use of e-learning has been increasing rapidly and it has become an important system offered by most colleges and universities all over the world. This comes as the consequence of the innovative transfer of knowledge and learning which has been influenced by the advent of the Internet and other Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) (Qureshi, Ilyas, Yasmin, & Whitty, 2012). E-learning is currently the common term used to describe the various uses of ICT to enhance learning and teaching. It takes the form of online courses and training, by which the courses and training are delivered via the Internet (Al-Shboul, 2013; Yoloye, 2015). E-learning has become a worldwide phenomenon to facilitate various aspects of learning and training. Learning facilitated by the new technology or e-learning is transforming learning and education forms in ways that extend beyond the efficient delivery value of traditional approaches (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2003; Wilson & Gapsiso, 2014). It assembles a new pedagogical context, develops new roles for instructors and students, as well as provides more options for students to create meaningful learning environments that promote and enhance the learning experience. However, teaching and learning in an e-learning environment can present new challenges to instructors and students participating in this online learning environment (Archambault, Larson, Oliver, Roycroft, & Rose, Submit Date: 10.07.2018, Acceptance Date: 22.08.2018, DOI NO: 10.7456/1080SSE/155 Research Article - This article was checked by Turnitin Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication